Psalms 106:29

וַ֭יַּכְעִיסוּ בְּמַֽעַלְלֵיהֶ֑ם וַתִּפְרָץ בָּ֝֗ם מַגֵּפָֽה
Thus they provoked him to anger with their inventions: and the plague brake in upon them.
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

וַ ֭יַּכְעִיסוּ
וַ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
֭יַּכְעִיסוּ
Root word anger, provoked, provoke, angry, grieved, …
Dictionary form: כַּעַס · ka-AS

וַ
Vav-consecutive (wayyiqtol) The וַ prefix — vav with patach plus a doubling dagesh in the next letter — flips this verb into story-telling past: translate "and (he) ___ed", not "will ___".

Verb — Hiphil, Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol), third person masculine plural causative — "he made (someone) do" story-telling past — try "and he ___ed" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: thus they provoked him to anger
to provoke him to anger ×6 to provoke me to anger ×6 to provoke ×3 provoke me to anger ×2 provoked me to anger ×2 they might provoke me to anger ×2 against themselves to provoke me to anger ×1 and provoked to anger ×1
More options
provoke to anger — Most common sense; prefer for deliberate instigation.
irritate — Milder register; good for interpersonal friction contexts.
vex — Slightly stronger than irritate; suits persistent annoyance.
grieve — Prefer when the emotional tone is sorrow rather than rage.
enrage — Use when the resulting anger is intense or explosive.
exasperate — Good for repeated or escalating provocation patterns.

BDB4138 H3707

BDB4137 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4139

כָּעַס verb be vexed, angry (Late Hebrew כָּעַס, Aramaic כְּעַם (not Syriac)); —

Qal Perfect ׳כ Ps 112:10; Eccl 5:16 Imperfect וַיִּכְעַס Neh 3:33; 2Chr 16:10 1 singular אֶכְעַס Ezek 16:42 Infinitive לִכְעוֺם Eccl 7:9. —
1. be vexed, indignant Ps 112:10; Neh 3:33; Eccl 5:16.
2. be angry Ezek 16:42; Eccl 7:9, with אֶל person 2Chr 16:10. Piel. Perfect 3 feminine singular suffix כִּעֲסַתָּה 1Sam 1:6 3 masculine plural suffix כִּעֲסוּנִי Deut 32:21 provoke to anger.

Hiph`il Perfect הִכְעִיס Hos 12:15; 1Kgs 15:30 suffix הִכְעִיסוֺ 2Kgs 23:26 + 4 t. Perfect; הַכְעִסֵו֯נִי Jer 25:7 (scribal error for תַּכְעִיסוּני according to SS); Imperfect וַיַּכְעֵס 1Kgs 22:54; 2Chr 28:25 3 feminine singular suffix תַּכְעִיסֶנָּה 1Sam 1:7 + 6 t. Imperfect; Infinitive construct הַכְעִיס 1Kgs 16:13 + 5 t.; suffix הַכְעִ(י)סֵנִי Jer 7:18 + 11 t., + 6 t. suffixes; Participle plural מַכְעִיסִים Jer 7:19 + 4 t. —

1. vex, with accusative pers 1Sam 1:7; Ezek 32:9.
2. vex, provoke to anger, especially of provoking Yahweh by workship of other gods Judg 2:12; Judg 1:9; Judg 14:15; Judg 16:33; Judg 22:54; 2Kgs 17:11; 2Kgs 23:19; 2Chr 28:25; Neh 3:37; Jer 7:18; Jer 7:19; Jer 11:17; Jer 32:29; Jer 32:32; Jer 44:3; Ezek 8:17; Ezek 16:26; Isa 65:3; Hos 12:15 with בּ instrumental בְּתוֺעֵבֹת Deut 32:16 בְּהַבְלֵיהֶם Deut 32:21; 1Kgs 16:13; 1Kgs 16:26 בחטאתם 1Kgs 16:2 במעשׂ(י) יד(יוׅ Deut 31:29; 1Kgs 16:7; Jer 25:6; Jer 25:7; Jer 32:30; Jer 44:8 בכל מעשׂ(ה) ידיהם 2Kgs 22:17 = 2Chr 34:25 בבמות Ps 78:58 בפסיליהם Jer 8:19 במעלליהם Ps 106:29 compare the phrases להכעיס(וׅ ׳עשׂה הרע(ה) בעיני י do the evil in the eyes of Yahweh to provoke (him) to anger Deut 4:25; Deut 9:18; Deut 31:29; 1Kgs 16:7; 2Kgs 17:17; 2Kgs 21:6 = 2Chr 33:6 so מכעסים 2Kgs 21:15; Jer 32:30 אשׁר הכעיס כעס (יםׅ 1Kgs 15:30; 1Kgs 21:22; 2Kgs 23:26. — The phrase is characteristic of D Jeremiah and the compiler of Kings; see DrIntr 191; Deut 4:25 Holzeini. Hexateuch 287.

anger, provoked, provoke, angry, grieved, …
kaʿas
to trouble; by implication, to grieve, rage, be indignant
  • to be angry, be vexed, be indignant, be wroth, be grieved, provoke to anger and wrath
    • (Qal)
      • to be vexed, be indignant
        • "to be angry
      (Piel) to provoke to anger"(Hiphil)
      • to vex
        • "to vex, provoke to anger

בְּ מַֽעַלְלֵי הֶ֑ם
בְּ
Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with
מַֽעַלְלֵי
Root word doings, works, inventions, endeavours
הֶ֑ם
Suffix — pronoun their / them
Dictionary form: מַעֲלָל · ma-uh-LAWL

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: with their inventions
of your doings ×7 and your doings ×5 of their doings ×5 of his doings ×2 the works ×2 according to his doings ×1 and according to our doings ×1 and their doings ×1
More options
deed — Broadest fit; works in singular or plural contexts.
action — Neutral, modern; good for ethical or legal contexts.
conduct — Collective sense; emphasizes ongoing behavior pattern.
practice — Highlights habitual or repeated behavior.
scheme — Carries negative connotation; fits morally charged passages.
exploit — Suggests bold or notorious acts; use for dramatic contexts.

BDB6098 H4611

BDB6097 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6099

[מַעֲלָל]41 noun masculineNeh 9:35 deed, practice; — only plural מַעֲלָלִים 1Sam 25:3 construct מַעַלְלֵי Ps 77:12; Ps 78:1 suffix מַעֲלָלֶיךָ Deut 28:20, מַעֲלָלָיו Hos 4:9 +, מַעַלְלֵיכֶם Isa 1:16 +, מַעַלְלֵיהֶם Isa 3:10 +, etc.; —

1. usually (especially Jer 17 t.) bad practices of men, רַע מַעֲלָלִים 1Sam 25:3 he was evil in his practices; Judg 2:19 (|| דֶּרֶךְ), Hos 5:5; Hos 7:2; Isa 3:8; Jer 11:18; Ps 106:29; Ps 106:39 (|| מַעֲשֵׂיהֶם); הָרָעִים ׳מ Neh 9:35 ׳רֹעַ מ the evil of your (their, etc.) practices Hos 9:15; Isa 1:16; Jer 4:4; Jer 21:12 (suffix 3 masculine plural Kt, 2 masculine plural Qr), +; הָרָעִים ׳מ Zech 1:4 Qr (+ הָרָעִים ׳ד; Kt מעליליהם), אֲשֶׁר לֹא טוֺבִים ׳מ Ezek 36:31 (+ id.); ׳הֵרֵעוּ מ Mic 3:4 ׳פְּרִי מ, i.e. their consequences, Isa 3:10; Jer 17:10; Jer 21:14; Jer 32:19 (+ דֶּרֶךְ).
2. deeds of ׳י Ps 77:12, of אֵל Ps 78:7 compare Mic 2:7.
3. acts, in general, of youth Prov 20:11 (|| פָּעֳלוֺ).

BDB6099 H4611

BDB6098 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6100

[מעליל], מעליליהם Zech 1:4 Kt, see foregoing

1.

doings, works, inventions, endeavours
maʿălāl
an act (good or bad)
  • deed, practice
    • practice (usually bad)
      • "deeds"acts

וַ תִּפְרָץ
וַ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
תִּפְרָץ
Root word down, forth, increased, out, abroad, …
Dictionary form: פָּרַץ · paw-RAHTS

וַ
Vav-consecutive (wayyiqtol) The וַ prefix — vav with patach plus a doubling dagesh in the next letter — flips this verb into story-telling past: translate "and (he) ___ed", not "will ___".

Verb — Qal, Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol), third person feminine singular simple action — "he did" story-telling past — try "and he ___ed" the built-in subject is "she (or it)"

In the KJV here: brake in upon them
and brake down ×3 had made ×2 abroad ×1 also is broken down ×1 and break down ×1 and dispersed ×1 and he urged ×1 and increased ×1
More options
break through — Most versatile; fits sudden, forceful forward movement.
burst out — Emphasizes explosive, uncontained energy or growth.
break down — Best when a wall, barrier, or structure is demolished.
spread out — Prefer when the sense is expansion or dispersal.
breach — Nominal/verbal; highlights the resulting gap or rupture.
press forward — Suits contexts of urgent, unstoppable advance.

BDB6806 H6555

BDB6805 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6807

I. פָּרַץ verb break through (Late Hebrew id.; Jewish-Aramaic פְּרַץ id.; perhaps Assyrian parâƒu (see DlHWB); Arabic cut, slit, also hit); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular פָּרַץ 2Sam 5:20 +; 2 masculine singular suffix פְּרַצְתָּנוּ Ps 60:3, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִפְרֹץ Exod 1:12; Exod 19:22, יִרְְָץֿ v 24, זַיִּפְרֹץ Gen 30:30 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute פָּרֹץ Isa 5:5 construct פְּרֹץ 2Chr 31:5, פְּרוֺץ Eccl 3:3 Participle active פֹּרֵץ Mic 2:13; Eccl 10:8 passive feminine singular פָּרוּצָה 2Chr 32:5; Prov 25:28 masculine plural פְּרֻצִים Neh 4:1 + הֵם פָּרוּצִים Neh 2:13 Qr (> Kt המפרוצים ); — break through:
1. break or burst out, from womb Gen 38:29 (J; with accusative of congnate meaning with verb); from enclosure Mic 2:13.
2. break through, down (from without), with accusative גָּדֵר Isa 5:5; Ps 80:13; Ps 89:41; Eccl 10:8 חוֺמָה Neh 3:35; 2Chr 26:6, compare passive participle Neh 2:13; 2Chr 32:5 with בְּחוֺמָה = make a breach in 2Kgs 14:13 = 2Chr 25:23 עִיר פְּרוּצָה Prov 25:28 absolute, opposed to בָּנָה Eccl 3:3 הַפֹּרֵץ Mic 2:13 הַפְּרוּצִים Neh 4:1 the part broken down.
3. break into, with accusative ׳בֵּית י 2Chr 24:7.
4. break open, a mining shaft Job 28:4.
5. break up, break in pieces, with accusative מַעֲשֶׂיךָ 2Chr 20:37 (|| וַּיִּשָּֽׁבְרוּ אֳנִיּוֺת).
6. break put (violently) upon, of ׳י in sudden judgment, with accusative of person 2Sam 5:20 = 1Chr 14:11; Ps 60:3 c, ב person Exod 19:22; Exod 19:24 (J), I Chron Exod 15:13, so of plague Ps 106:29 of ׳י, with accusative of congnate meaning with verb פֶּרֶין + ב person 2Sam 6:8 = 1Chr 13:11 with accusative of congnate meaning with verb + suffix Job 16:14.
7. use violence absolute Hos 4:2.
8. break over [limits], increase, וַיִפְרֹץ לָרֹב Gen 30:30 (J), 1Chr 4:38 + ה locative Gen 28:14 (J); absolute Gen 30:43 (J), Exod 1:12 (J; + רָבָה), Hos 4:10; Isa 54:3, פָּרַץ בָּאָרֶץ Job 1:10.
9. burst open, intransitive, of wine-vats Prov 3:10 (with accusative of material תִּירוֺשׁ).
10. spread, i.e. become known, of הַדָּבָר 2Chr 31:5. — 1Chr 13:2 is probably corrupt, see Kau, who (after SS) conjectures נֶחֱרָצָה; ׳פ in 2Chr 11:23 is apparently distributive (with מִן partitive) but dubious. — 1Sam 28:23; 2Sam 13:25; 2Sam 13:27; 2Kgs 5:23 see פצר. Niph`al Participle אֵין חָזוֺן נִפְרָ֑ץ 1Sam 3:1 no vision spread abroad (i.e. general, or frequent, compare Qal 10; || הָיָה יָקָר ׳דְּבַר י, but text dubious. Pu`al Participle feminine מְפֹרָ֑צֶת Neh 1:3 (of wall). Hithpa`el Participle plural הַמִּתְפָּֽרְצִים 1Sam 25:10 slaves who break away, each from (מִפְּנֵי) his master.

down, forth, increased, out, abroad, …
pāraṣ
to break out (in many applications, direct and indirect, literal and figurative)
  • to break through or down or over, burst, breach
    • (Qal)
      • to break or burst out (from womb or enclosure)
        • "to break through or down, make a breach in"to break into"to break open"to break up, break in pieces"to break out (violently) upon"to break over (limits), increase"to use violence"to burst open"to spread, distribute
      (Niphal) to be broken through"(Pual) to be broken down"(Hithpael) to break away

בָּ ֝֗ם
בָּ
Preposition in, at, by, with
֝֗ם
Suffix — pronoun their / them

Preposition

it ×144 him ×95 them ×83 thee ×59 me ×53 unto him ×35 you ×28 he ×22

מַגֵּפָֽה
מַגֵּפָֽה
Root word plague, slaughter, stroke, plagued, plagues
Dictionary form: מַגֵּפָה · mahg-gay-PAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: and the plague
and the plague ×4 plague ×3 the plague ×3 in the plague ×2 slaughter ×2 that the plague ×2 a plague ×1 a slaughter ×1
More options
plague — Modernized KJV core term; broadest and most recognized rendering.
epidemic — Prefer when disease-spread context is prominent.
pestilence — Slightly elevated register; suits poetic or prophetic passages.
affliction — Good for contexts emphasizing suffering over mass death.
slaughter — Prefer when military or violent death toll is in view.
blow — Captures the 'stroke/strike' sense; useful for sudden divine judgment.

BDB4980 H4046

BDB4979 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4981

מַגֵּפָה noun feminine blow, slaughter, plague, pestilence; — ׳מ absolute Num 14:37 + 23 t.; construct מַגֵּפַת Zech 14:15 plural suffix מַגֵּפֹתַי Exod 9:14 —

1. blow, = fatal stroke Ezek 24:16 in divine judgment (plague) Exod 9:14 (J).
2. slaughter in battle, 1Sam 4:17; 2Sam 17:9; 2Sam 18:7.
3. plague, pestilence (divine judgment), of tumours on Philistines 1Sam 6:4 against Israel Num 14:37; Num 17:13; Num 17:14; Num 17:15; Num 25:8; Num 25:9; Num 25:18; Num 25:19; Num 31:16; Num 2:21; Num 24:25 (insert also v2Sam 24:15 ᵐ5 Th We Klo Dr Kit Bu), 1Chr 21:22; Ps 106:29; Ps 106:30 specifically disease of bowels 2Chr 21:14 ׳מ = infected people 1Chr 21:17 wasting of flesh, eyes and tongue, of hostile peoples Zech 14:12; Zech 14:18 attacking beasts vZech 14:15 vZech 14:15.

plague, slaughter, stroke, plagued, plagues
maggēpâ
a pestilence; by analogy, defeat
  • blow, slaughter, plague, pestilence, strike, smite
    • blow (fatal stroke)
      • "slaughter (of battle)"plague, pestilence (divine judgment)

This book is chanted to the poetic accent system (used only in Job, Psalms, and Proverbs). Each group below ends at one of its pausing accents — translate a group as one unit.
וַ֭יַּכְעִיסוּ Dechi — a lesser break בְּמַֽעַלְלֵיהֶ֑ם Atnach — the verse's main pause — take a breath here וַתִּפְרָץ בָּ֝֗ם Revia Mugrash — a lesser break מַגֵּפָֽה Silluq — end of the verse

וַיַּכְעִיסוּ בְּמַֽעַלְלֵיהֶם וַתִּפְרָץ-בָּם מַגֵּפָֽה׃
29
Thus they provoked him to anger with their inventions: and the plague brake in upon them.
Cross References

Deuteronomy 32:16

יַקְנִאֻהוּ בְּזָרִים בְּתֽוֹעֵבֹת יַכְעִיסֻֽהוּ׃
16
They provoked him to jealousy with strange gods, with abominations provoked they him to anger.

1 Corinthians 10:8

μηδὲ πορνεύωμεν καθώς τινες αὐτῶν ἐπόρνευσαν καὶ ἔπεσον ἐν μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ εἴκοσι τρεῖς χιλιάδες.
8
Neither let us commit fornication, as some of them committed, and fell in one day three and twenty thousand.

Psalms 106:39

וַיִּטְמְאוּ בְמַעֲשֵׂיהֶם וַיִּזְנוּ בְּמַֽעַלְלֵיהֶֽם׃
39
Thus were they defiled with their own works, and went a whoring with their own inventions.

Romans 1:21

διότι γνόντες τὸν θεὸν οὐχ ὡς θεὸν ἐδόξασαν ἢ εὐχαρίστησαν ἀλλ' ἐματαιώθησαν ἐν τοῖς διαλογισμοῖς αὐτῶν καὶ ἐσκοτίσθη ἡ ἀσύνετος αὐτῶν καρδία
21
Because that, when they knew God, they glorified him not as God, neither were thankful; but became vain in their imaginations, and their foolish heart was darkened.

Numbers 25:9

וַיִּֽהְיוּ הַמֵּתִים בַּמַּגֵּפָה אַרְבָּעָה וְעֶשְׂרִים אָֽלֶף׃
9
And those that died in the plague were twenty and four thousand.

Psalms 99:8

יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵינוּ אַתָּה עֲנִיתָם אֵל נֹשֵׂא הָיִיתָ לָהֶם וְנֹקֵם עַל-עֲלִילוֹתָֽם׃
8
Thou answeredst them, O LORD our God: thou wast a God that forgavest them, though thou tookest vengeance of their inventions.

Ecclesiastes 7:29

לְבַד רְאֵה-זֶה מָצָאתִי אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הָאֱלֹהִים אֶת-הָאָדָם יָשָׁר וְהֵמָּה בִקְשׁוּ חִשְּׁבֹנוֹת רַבִּֽים׃
29
Lo, this only have I found, that God hath made man upright; but they have sought out many inventions.
Psalms 106:28
Read Psalms 106
Psalms 106:30