BDB2100 H3068 H3069 H1961 H430 H589 H2022 H6635
BDB2099 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2101
יהוהc. 6823 i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel — (1. ᵑ0 יְהוָֺהC518 (
Qr אֲדֹנָי), or
יֱהוִֺה305 (
Qr אֱלֹהִים), in the combinations
אדני יהוה &
יהוה אדני (see
אֲדֹנֶי), and with preposition
בַּיהוָֺה,
לַיהוָֺה,
מֵיהוָֺה (
Qr בַּאדֹנָי,
לַאדֹנָי,
מֵאדֹנָי), do not give the original form.
ᵐ5 and other
Vrss follow the
Qr. On the basis of
Exod 20:7;
Lev 24:11 יהוה was regarded as a
nomen ineffabile (see Philo
de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529), called by the Jews
הַשֵּׁם and by the Samaritans
שׁימא. The pronunciation
Jehovah was unknown until 1520, when it was introduced by Galatinus; but it was contested by Le Mercier, J. Drusius, and L. Capellus, as against grammatical and historical propriety (compare
Bö§ 88). The traditional
Ἰαβέ of Theodoret and Epiphanius, the
יָֿהוּ,
יְהוֺֿ of compound proper name and the contracted form
יָהּ all favour
יַהְוֶךְ (compare
יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Ps 74:6 תַּהֲרוּ Isa 33:11), see
LagSym i.14 BaudStudien i.179 ff.;
DrStud.Bib.i.1 ff. For
Jeve see
StaZAW 1881, 346 Deib.1882, 173 f. & Gn. Excurs. ii. 2. on literature of interpretations see
NesEg.67 Drl.c. — Many recent scholars explain יַהְוֶה as Hiph`il of
היה (=
היה)
the one bringing into being, life-giver (compare
חַוָּה Gen 3:20) Schr
HSch;
giver of existence, creator,
Kue Tiele;
he who brings to pass (so already Le Clerc),
performer of his promises,
Lag,
NesEg.88 (but
NesEg.91 inclines to Qal as RSBrit. & For. Ev. Rev see below); or from
היה he who causes to fall, rain or lightning
RSOTJC.ed.1, 423; om.ed.2, 245, compare
WeSkizzen iii.175; '
Fäller,' destroying foes,
StaG.i.429 (dubiously). But most take it as Qal of
הוה (=
היה);
the one who is: i.e.
the absolute and unchangeable one,
Ri; the
existing, ever living, as self-consistent and unchangeable,
Di; or
the one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption,
De Oehl; compare also
RSBrit. & For. Ev. Rev. 1876,
he will be it, i.e all that his servants look for (compare
Ewinfr),
he will approve himself (give evidence of being, assert his being Drl.c.17)).
I. יהוה is not used by E in Genesis, but is given Exod 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb, and is explained thus : אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I shall be with thee (Exod 3:12), which is then implied in אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I shall be the one who will be it vExod 3:14a (i.e: with thee vExod 3:12) and then compressed into אֶהְיֶה vExod 3:14b (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12), which then is given in the nominal form יהוה He who will be it vExod 3:15 (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12). compare EwBTh ii. 337, 338 RSl.c., Proph. 385 ff. Other interpretations are: I am he who I am, i.e. it is no concern of yours (Le Clerc LagPsalt.Hieron.156); I am (this is my name), inasmuch as I am (אֲשֶׁר = כִּי; AE JDMich WeJD Th xxi, 540 = compare Hexateuch 72); Di and others I am who I am, he who is essentially unnameable, inexplicable, — E uses יהוה sparingly by the side of אלהים and האלהים in his subsequent narrative. The Ephraimitic writers in Judges Samuel Kings use it in similar proportions. P abstains from the use of יהוה until he gives an account of its revelation to Moses Exod 6:3 but subsequently uses it freely. He gives no explanation of its meaning. He represents that אֵל שַׁדַּי was the God of the patriarchs. J uses יהוה from the beginning of his narrative, possibly explaining it, Gen 21:83 by אל עולם, the evergreen tamarisk being a symbol of the ever-living God; compare De Gen 21:33. Elsewhere יהוה is the common divine name in pre-exilic writers, but in post-exilic writers gradually falls into disuse, and is supplanted by אלהים and אדני. In Job it is used 31 t. in prose parts, and Job 12:9 (a proverb); not elsewhere in the poem. Chronicles apart from his sources prefers אלהים and האלהים. Daniel uses יהוה only in chap. 9 (7 t.); Ecclesiastes not at all. In the Elohistic group of Psalm 42-83 it is used 39 t. (see אלהים) . It occurs as the name of Israel's God MI18. It is doubtful whether it was used by other branches of the Shemitic family, compare COT Gen 2:4b DlPa 158 ff. DrStud. Bib. i. 7 ff.
3. יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh
יהוה יראה Gen 22:14 (
J);
יהוה נסי Exod 17:15 (
E)
יהוה שׁלים Judg 6:24 יהוה צדקנו Jer 33:16 (compare
Jer 23:6 where it is applied to the Messiah);
יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה Ezek 48:35. — On combinations such as
׳הַר י,
צְבָאוֺת ׳י etc., see
הַר,
צָבָא, etc.
BDB3475 H3068
BDB3474 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3476
׳יְהוֺ proper name compounded with, see below יהוה above.
BDB3483 H3068 H3069
BDB3482 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3484
יהוה proper name, of deity, see below הוה.
BDB3489 H3068 H3097
BDB3488 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3490
׳יו = ׳יְהוֺ proper name compounded with, see below יהוה above: — namely יוֺאָב, יוֺאָח, יוֺאָחָז, יוֺאֵל, יוֺאָשׁ, יוֺיָכִין, יוֺיָקִים, יוֺיָרִיב, יוֺעֵד, יוֺעָשׁ, יוֺקִים, יוֺרָם, יוֺתָם, etc.