Psalms 86:15

וְ אַתָּ֣ה

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

אַתָּ֣ה

Pronoun thou, ye, you, thee, thyself, …

Dictionary form: אַתָּה · at-TAW

Pronoun — Personal, second person masculine singular

In the KJV here: but thou

thou ×485 ye ×157 and thou ×54 art thou ×32 but thou ×31 and ye ×23 but ye ×13 shalt thou ×11

More options

you — Standard modern singular/plural pronoun; default choice.

you yourself — Adds emphasis when the Hebrew is contrastive or emphatic.

you alone — Highlights exclusivity; use when context stresses uniqueness.

as for you — Topicalizing construction; good for sentence-initial emphasis.

BDB614 H859

אַתָּ֫ה, אָ֑תָּה (so regularly; but 26-7 t., with different disjunctive accents, ׃אַ֑תָּה see Fr^{MM 228}; Sta^{§ 178 a} (read 8 for 18) pronoun 2 singular masculine thou (for anta, see above; compare נָתַתָּ for נָתַנְתָּ) Gen 3:11; Gen 3:19 + often written אַתָּ 1Sam 24:19; Ps 6:4; Job 1:10; Eccl 7:22; Neh 9:6. Appended to a verb for emphasis, Exod 18:19 (twice in verse); 1Sam 17:56 שְׁאַל אַתָּה inquire thou, 1Sam 20:8; 1Sam 22:18; Isa 43:26 סַפֵּר אַתָּה. Added for the purpose of strengthening a genitive or accusative suffix 1Kgs 21:19; Prov 22:19 (Ges^{«GKC:135»§ 135}.2).

BDB615 H859

אתי, i.e. אַתִּי, the older & more original form of אַתְּ thou (feminine), preserved, probably dialectically, 7 t. in Kt, Judg 17:2; 1Kgs 14:2; 2Kgs 4:16; 2Kgs 4:23; 2Kgs 8:1; Jer 4:30; Ezek 36:13. (V. above as in Syriac, the י may not have been fully sounded: the Masoretes direct אַתְּ to be everywhere read.)

BDB616 H859

אַתְּ, אָ֑תְּ pronoun 2 singular feminine thou (feminine) (shortened from אַתִּי (q. v.); in Syriac the two genders are written differently, , , but, the not being sounded, are pronounced alike: in ᵑ7 both are written אַתְּ or אַנְתְּ) Gen 12:11; Gen 12:13; Gen 24:23 + often Thrice Num 11:15; Deut 5:24; Ezek 28:14 used as a masculine (as in Aramaic of ᵑ7); but probably אַתָּ (see below אַתָּה) should be here read.

BDB617 H859

אַתֶּם pronoun 2 masculine plural you (masculine) (for antem, see above) Gen 9:7; Gen 26:27; Gen 29:4 + often with הֲ, הָאַתֶּם Judg 6:31 following the verb for emphasis Judg 15:12; Jer 34:15 construed inaccurately with a feminine Ezek 13:20.

BDB618 H859

אַתֵּן Ezek 34:31 (many editions אַתֶּן), אַתֵּ֫נָה Gen 31:6; Ezek 13:11; Ezek 13:20 (editions אַתֵּ֫נָּה) Ezek 34:17 pronoun 2 feminine plural you (feminine)

BDB9323 H607 H859

אנתה Kt₁₄ (i.e. אַנְתָּה, peculiar to Biblical Aramaic; Qr אַנְתְּ) pronoun 2 masculine singular thou (Biblical Hebrew אַתָּה; Cappadocian and Egyptian Aramaic אנת (Lab^{Eph. 1. 67}; S-C^{A 11} +, feminine אנתי ib. D9, 11, 26+), Nerab את (Cooke^{186. 190}), Palmyrene אנת (ib. 308); ᵑ7^Onk את, ᵑ7^J אנת (^{§ 16. 1}); Syriac ); — thou, Dan 2:29; Dan 2:31; Dan 2:37; Dan 2:38 etc., Ezra 7:25.

BDB9324 H608 H859

אַנְתּוּן pronoun 2 masculine plural ye, you (Biblical Hebrew אַתֶּם), Dan 2:8.

thou, ye, you, thee, thyself, …

ʾattâ

thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you

you (second pers. sing. masc.)

אֲ֭דֹנָ י

אֲ֭דֹנָ

Root word a name — transliterate it ("O lord")

י

Suffix — pronoun my / me

Dictionary form: אֲדֹנָי · uh-doh-NAI

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: o lord

the lord ×290 o lord ×34 lord ×24 of the lord ×22 hath the lord ×6 thee o lord ×6 am the lord ×5 my lord ×5

More options

Lord — Standard divine title; capitalized to mark deity.

Sovereign Lord — Emphasizes God's supreme authority and rule.

Master — Highlights ownership/authority; use in human address contexts.

My Lord — Retains personal possessive; ideal for direct address.

O Lord — Vocative register; suits prayers and laments.

God — Use only where context clearly equates Adonai with deity.

BDB125 H113 H136

אָדוֺן noun masculine^{Mal 3:1} lord (Phoenician אדן) — ׳א Ps 12:5 + construct אֲדוֺן Josh 3:11 +; plural אֲדֹנִים Isa 26:13 +; construct אֲדֹנֵי Deut 10:17 +; suffix אֲדֹנֵינוּ 1Sam 25:14 + etc.; (אֲדֹנִי, אֲדֹנַי, אֲדֹנָי are variations of Masoretic pointing to distinguish divine reference from human. Plural, with few except an intensive plural of rank; word takes suffix as plural in all other person; so doubtless here. Orig. reading probably in all cases אֲדֹנַי (see Dalm^{Der Gottesname Adonaj}; Lag^{BN 188 makes} אֲדֹנָי an Aramaic formative); אֲדֹנִי now found in J 51 t.; in E Gen 31:35; Gen 32:19; Gen 42:10; Exod 21:5 in P Gen 23:6; Gen 23:11; Gen 23:15; Num 36:2 (twice in verse); often Samuel & Kings; in Chronicles only in sources, 1Chr 21:3 (3 t. in verse); 1Chr 21:23 (= 2Sam 24:3; 2Sam 24:22) 2Chr 2:13; 2Chr 2:14 Isaiah & Jeremiah only in historical parts Isa 36:8; Isa 36:9; Isa 36:12; Jer 37:20; Jer 38:9 elsewhere Dan 1:10; Dan 10:16; Dan 10:17; Dan 10:19; Dan 12:8; Zech 1:9; Zech 4:4; Zech 4:5; Zech 4:13; Zech 6:4; Ps 110:1; Judg 4:18; Judg 6:13; Ruth 2:13 בִּי אֲדנָי Exod 4:10; Exod 4:13; Josh 7:8 (J) Judg 6:15; Judg 13:8 is referred to God, but בִּי אֲדנִי Gen 43:20; Gen 44:18; Num 12:11 (J) 1Sam 1:26; 1Sam 25:24; 1Kgs 3:17; 1Kgs 3:26 reference to human superiors. There is uncertainty as to אֲדֹנָ֯י Gen 18:3; Gen 19:18 אֲדֹ֯נַי Gen 19:2) —

1. singular lord, master (1) reference to men:
(a) superintendent of household, or of affairs Gen 45:8; Gen 45:9 (E) = Ps 105:21
(b) master Ps 12:5
(c) king Jer 22:18; Jer 34:5 (2) reference to God, הָאָדוֺן יהוה the Lord Yahweh (see יהוה) Exod 23:17; Exod 34:23 (Cov't codes); אֲרוֺן כָּלהָֿאָרֶץ Lord of the whole earth Josh 3:11; Josh 3:13 (J) Ps 97:5; Zech 4:14; Zech 6:5; Mic 4:13 צֻבָאוֺת ׳י ׳הָא, earlier Isa 1:24; Isa 3:1; Isa 10:33; Isa 19:4 (אֲדֹנָי Isa 10:16 in common MT; not Massora, doubtless scribal error); ׳הָא Mal 3:1 אָדוֺן Ps 114:7.

2. plural lords, kings Deut 10:17 = Ps 136:3; Isa 26:13 elsewhere intensive plural of rank, lord, master, (1) reference to men:
(a) proprietor of hill Samaria 1Kgs 16:24
(b) master Gen 40:7 (E) Exod 21:4 (twice in verse); Exod 21:6; Exod 21:8; Exod 21:32 (Cov't code) Gen 24:9 + (J, 11 t.) Deut 23:16; Judg 19:11; Judg 19:12 + 13 t. Samuel & Kings; Job 3:19; Ps 123:2; Prov 25:13; Prov 27:18; Prov 30:10; Isa 24:2; Amos 4:1; Zeph 1:9; Mal 1:6 (twice in verse);
(c) husband Judg 19:26; Judg 19:27; Ps 45:12
(d) prophet 2Kgs 2:3; 2Kgs 2:5; 2Kgs 2:16
(e) governor Neh 3:5
(f) prince Gen 42:10; Gen 42:30; Gen 42:33 (E) Gen 44:8 (J) 1Sam 29:10
(g) king Gen 40:1 (E) Judg 3:25 + 40 t. Samuel & Kings; Chronicles only in sources 1Chr 12:19 compare 1Sam 29:4; 2Chr 13:6; 2Chr 18:16 = 1Kgs 22:17; Isa 19:4; Isa 22:18; Isa 36:12; Isa 37:4; Isa 37:6; Jer 27:4 (2) reference to God Mal 1:6 אֲדֹנֵי הָאֲדֹנִים Lord of lords Deut 10:17 = Ps 136:3 אֲדֹנֵינוּ Ps 135:5; Ps 147:5; Neh 8:10 אֲדֹנֵינוּ ׳י Ps 8:2; Ps 8:10; Neh 10:30 ׳אֲדֹנַיִח י Isa 51:22 (probably = thy husband, Yahweh); אֲדֹנָיו Hos 12:15 (possibly error for אֲדֹנָי).

3. suffix 1 singular (אֲדֹנַי) אֲדֹנִי (1) reference to men: my lord, my master, (a) master Exod 21:5 (Cov't code) Gen 24:12 +, Gen 44:5 (J, 20 t.) 1Sam 30:13; 1Sam 30:15; 2Kgs 5:3; 2Kgs 5:20; 2Kgs 5:22; 2Kgs 6:15
(b) husband Gen 18:12 (J);
(c) prophet 1Kgs 18:7; 1Kgs 18:13; 2Kgs 2:19; 2Kgs 4:16; 2Kgs 4:28; 2Kgs 6:5; 2Kgs 8:5
(d) prince Gen 42:10 (E), Gen 23:6; Gen 23:11; Gen 23:15 (P), Gen 43:20; Gen 44:18 +, Gen 47:18, + (J, 12 t.); Judg 4:18
(e) king 1Sam 22:12 + (Samuel & Kings 75 t.);
(f) father Gen 31:35 (E);
(g) Moses Exod 32:22; Num 11:28; Num 12:11; Num 32:26; Num 32:27 (J); Num 36:2 (twice in verse) (P);
(h) priest 1Sam 1:15; 1Sam 1:26 (twice in verse);
(i) theophanic angel Josh 5:14; Judg 6:13
(j) captain 2Sam 11:11
(k) general recognition of superiority Gen 24:18; Gen 32:5 + Gen 33:8 +; Gen 44:7 + (J, 13 t.), Ruth 2:13; 1Sam 25:24 + (15 t.); (2) reference to God: אֲדֹנָי
a. my Lord Gen 20:4 (? E) Exod 15:17 (Samaritan יהוה) elsewhere in Hexateuch, J; Gen 18:3(?); Gen 18:27; Gen 18:30; Gen 18:31; Gen 18:32; Gen 19:2; Gen 19:18(?) Exod 4:10; Exod 4:13; Exod 5:22; Exod 34:9; Num 14:17; Josh 7:8 also Judg 6:15; Judg 13:8 not Samuel; 1Kgs 22:6; 2Kgs 19:23 not Chron. except memorials Ezra 10:3 (reference to Ezra) Neh 1:11; Neh 4:8 Wisdom Literature only Job 28:28 (doubtless scribal error for יהוֺה of many MSS.); not Hosea; Isa 37:24; Isa 38:14; Isa 38:16 (historical part); exile Isa 49:14 (compare Isa 51:22); Mic 1:2; Ps 16:2 + (47 t., chiefly this sense, except below
b.; compare אֱלֹהַי וַאדֹנָי my Lord and my God Ps 35:23 (writers that use אֱלֹהִים seldom use אֲדֹנָי);
b. Adonay proper name of God, parallel with Yahweh, substitution for it often by scribal error, & eventually supplanting it. In earlier Isa 3:17 + (19 t. seeming to belong here), Amos 7:7; Amos 7:8; Amos 9:1; Ezek 18:25; Ezek 18:29; Ezek 33:17; Ezek 33:20; Ezek 21:14 (probably ׳אֲדֹנָי י as in usual phrase); Zech 9:4; Mal 1:12; Mal 1:14; Lam 1:14 + (14 t.) Ps 2:4; Ps 37:13; Ps 78:65; Ps 90:17 (? יהוה) Ps 110:5 (Dalman puts most of these below
(a); — many cases are doubtful); 1Kgs 3:10; 1Kgs 3:15 (Masoretic אדני for יהוה compare Dalm 2Kgs 7:6 Dalm rightly questions; he reads יהוה). The phrases אֲדֹנָי אֱלֹהַי Ps 38:16; Ps 86:12, Adonay my God; אֲדֹנָי הָאֱלֹהִים Dan 9:3, אֱלֹהֵינוּ ׳א Dan 9:9; Dan 9:15, הָאֵל ׳א Dan 9:4 favour taking ׳א Dan 1:2; Dan 9:7; Dan 9:8 (יהוה ?) vDan 9:16 vDan 9:17 vDan 9:19 vDan 9:19 vDan 9:19 as the divine name.

4. אֲדֹנָי יהוה
(a) my Lord Yahweh (see יהוה) Gen 15:2; Gen 15:8 (JE) Josh 7:7 (J, ᵐ5 omit ׳י) Deut 3:24; Deut 9:26; Judg 6:22; Judg 16:28; 2Sam 7:1 (6 t.) 1Kgs 2:26; 1Kgs 8:53 probably Amos 3:7; Amos 3:8; Amos 7:2; Amos 7:4; Amos 7:5; Amos 9:8; Jer 1:6; Jer 4:10; Jer 14:13; Jer 32:17; Jer 32:25; Ezek 4:14; Ezek 8:1; Ezek 9:6; Ezek 11:13; Ezek 20:49; Ezek 37:3 (׳יָדַע כִּי אֲני א ׳י) Ezek 13:9; Ezek 23:49; Ezek 24:24; Ezek 28:24; Ezek 29:16 inappropriate in mouth of God; strike out אֲדֹנָי (Co) or read אֱלֹהֵיכֶם ׳י (Dalm); Mic 1:2; Zeph 1:7; Obad 1:1; Zech 9:14; Ps 71:5; Ps 71:16; Ps 73:28
(b) apparently proper name Adonay Yahweh Isa 25:8; Jer 44:26 exile Isa 40:10 + (10 t., but Isa 61:1; Isa 61:11 read יהוה, ᵐ5);
(c) uncertain whether
(a) or
(b) in prophetic formula אָמַר ׳י ׳א Isa 7:7; Isa 28:16; Isa 30:15; Isa 49:22; Isa 51:4; Isa 65:13; Jer 7:20; Amos 1:8; Amos 3:11; Amos 5:3; Amos 7:6; Obad 1:1 Ezekiel (131 t.); ׳י ׳נְאֻם א Isa 56:8; Jer 2:22; Amos 3:13; Amos 4:5; Amos 8:3; Amos 8:9; Amos 8:11 Ezekiel (80 t.); ׳י ׳דְּבַראֿ Ezek 6:3; Ezek 25:3; Ezek 36:4 ׳י ׳נִשְׁבַּע א Amos 4:2; Amos 6:8 ׳י ׳כֹּה הִרְאַנִי א Amos 7:1; Amos 7:4; Amos 8:1.

5. יהוה אֲדֹנָי Yahweh my Lord Ps 68:21; Ps 109:21; Ps 140:8; Ps 141:8; Hab 3:9.

6. אֲדֹנָי יהוה צְבָאוֺת
(a) my Lord Yahweh ‚. (see צבאות) Ps 69:7; Amos 9:5; Isa 10:23; Isa 22:5; Isa 22:12; Isa 28:22 compare ׳אֱלֹהֵי הַצְבָאוֺת א ׳י, Yahweh, the God of Hosts my Lord Amos 5:16
(b) a divine name, Adonay, Yahweh ‚. Jer 46:10 (twice in verse); Jer 50:25
(c) uncertain are ׳צ ׳י ׳כֹּה אָמַר א Isa 10:24; Isa 22:14; Isa 22:15 ׳נְאֻם א ׳צ ׳י Isa 3:15; Jer 2:19; Jer 49:5; Jer 50:31.

lord, lords, god

ʾădōnāy

the Lord (used as a proper name of God only)

my lord, lord

of men

אֵל

Root word god, gods, power, mighty, one, …

Dictionary form: אֵל · ale

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: art a god

god ×112 of god ×15 a god ×8 unto god ×7 am god ×6 and god ×5 art my god ×5 my god ×4

More options

God — Preferred when referring to the God of Israel.

god — Use lowercase for foreign or generic deities.

divine being — Neutral; good for ambiguous or poetic contexts.

mighty one — Captures the power/strength nuance of the lemma.

power — Abstract sense; rare but valid in some poetic passages.

idol — Only when context clearly indicates a false or carved god.

BDB425 H410

II. אֵל god, אֶלְדָּד, אֶלְדָּעָה etc. see I. אלה.

BDB428 H410 H1286 H416 H415

II. אֵל noun masculine (also, in proper name אֶל, אֱלִי; Samaritan אל, Phoenician אל, אלן (i.e. probably אֵלֹן), Sabean אל, DHM^{Or. Congr. Leiden, 1883}, Assyrian ilu, Dl^w; perhaps also Arabic, Aramaic compare Nö^{on the passage}; on goddess אלת Phoenician, Palmyrene, Nabataean, Sabean (also אלהת) DHM^{l. c}; Arabic (plural ) Fl^{Kl. Schr. i. 154}, Assyrian Allatu Jr⁶⁶, Syriac , compare also Bae^{Rel 58, 90, 97, 271, 207}) god, but with various subordinate applications to express idea of might; — hardly ever in prose except with defining word (adjective or genitive); its only suffix is יִ֯; —

1. applied to men of might and rank, אֵל גוים mighty one of the nations Ezek 31:11 (of Nebuchadnezzar; ᵐ5 ἄρχων ἔθνων, איל some MSS. Co); אֵלִים mighty men Job 41:17 (אילים, many MSS. Di); אֵלֵי גִבּוֺרִים mighty heroes Ezek 32:21 (אֵילֵי MSS. Co); אֵילֵי הָאֶרֶץ Ezek 17:13; 2Kgs 24:15 (Kt אולי); אֵילִים Exod 15:15 (probably plural of III. אַיִל, q. v.) These readings are uncertain because of an effort to distinguish these forms from the divine name. אֵל גִּבּוֺר mighty hero (as above) ordivine hero (as reflecting the divine majesty) Isa 9:6.

2. angels, בְּנֵי אֵלִים Ps 29:1; Ps 89:7 = בְּנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים.

3. gods of the nations, אֵל אֵלִים God of gods, supreme God Dan 11:36 מִי כָמֹכָה בָּאֵלִם who is like thee among the gods Exod 15:11 idols Isa 43:10; Isa 44:10; Isa 44:15; Isa 44:17; Isa 46:6 מי אל בשמים what God in heaven Deut 3:24 אֵל אחר another god Exod 34:14 (J); אֵל זר foreign god Ps 44:21; Ps 81:10 אל נכר Deut 32:12; Mal 2:11; Ps 81:10.

4. El proper name אל ברית El Berith Judg 9:46 (= בעל ברית Judg 8:33; Judg 9:4) compare also

6.
(f) below

5. as characterizing mighty things in nature, חררי אל mighty mountains Ps 36:7 (literally mountains of El); also Ps 50:10 Ol Bi Che see below II. אלף; ארזי אל mighty cedars Ps 80:11 כוכבי אל lofty stars Isa 14:13.

6. God₂₁₇, the one only and true God of Israel:
(a) הָאֵל the God, the true God Gen 31:13; Gen 35:1; Gen 35:3; Gen 46:3 (E) 2Sam 22:31; 2Sam 22:33; 2Sam 22:48 (= Ps 18:31; Ps 18:33; Ps 18:48) Ps 68:20; Ps 68:21; Ps 77:15 הָאֵל הַנֶּאֱמָן the faithful God Deut 7:9 האל הגדול the great God Deut 10:17 = Jer 32:18; Dan 9:4; Neh 1:5; Neh 9:32 האל הקדשׁ the holy God Isa 5:17 האל יהוה the God Yahweh Isa 42:5; Ps 85:9.
(b) אֵלִי my God Exod 15:2 (poetry) Ps 18:3; Ps 22:2 (twice in verse); Ps 22:11; Ps 63:2; Ps 68:25; Ps 89:27; Ps 102:25; Ps 118:28; Ps 140:7; Isa 44:17.
(c) construct אל בית אל the God of Bethel, who had his seat there Gen 35:7 (E); אל אביך God of thy fathers Gen 49:25 (poetry); אל ישראל Ps 68:36 אל יעקב Ps 146:5 אל השמים the God of heaven Ps 136:26 אל סלעי the God who is my rock Ps 42:10 אל שמחת גילי the God who is the joy of my exultation Ps 43:4 אֵל רֳאִי the God who lets himself be seen Gen 16:13 (J); אל הכבוד the God of glory Ps 29:3 אל דעות the all-knowing God 1Sam 2:3 (poetry); אֵל עוֺלָם the everlasting God Gen 21:33 (J); אל ישועתי Isa 12:2 אל חַיָּ֑י Ps 42:9 אל אמת Ps 31:6 = אל אֱמוּנָה Deut 32:4 (poetry); אל נקמות Ps 94:1 (twice in verse); אל גְּמֻלוֺת Jer 51:56.
(d) אל אֶחָד one God Mal 2:10 אל גדול a great God Deut 7:21; Ps 77:14; Ps 95:3 אל מסתתר a God hiding himself Isa 45:15 אל רחום a compassionate God Exod 34:6 (J) Deut 4:31; Ps 86:15 אל נשא a forgiving God Ps 99:8 אל חַנּוּן a gracious God Neh 9:31; Jonah 4:2 אל קנא a jealous God Exod 20:5; Exod 34:14 (J) Deut 4:24; Deut 5:9; Deut 6:15; Josh 24:19 (D) = אל קנוא Nah 1:2 אֵל חי a living God Josh 3:10 (J) Hos 2:1; Ps 42:3; Ps 84:3 אל צדיק Isa 45:21 לא אֵל חפץ רשע Ps 5:5 לא אֵל Deut 32:21 (poetry) Isa 31:3; Ezek 28:2 (twice in verse); Ezek 28:9 מי אל כמוךָ Mic 7:18 (compare Exod 15:11).
(e) God (the only true God, needing no article or predicate to define him) Num 12:13 (E read אַל Di) always in poetry, Job 5:8 + (55 t. Job), Ps 7:12; Ps 10:11; Ps 10:12; Ps 16:1; Ps 17:6; Ps 19:1; Ps 52:3; Ps 52:7; Ps 55:20; Ps 57:3; Ps 73:11; Ps 73:17; Ps 74:8; Ps 77:10; Ps 78:7; Ps 78:8; Ps 78:18; Ps 78:19; Ps 78:34; Ps 78:41; Ps 82:1; Ps 83:2; Ps 90:2; Ps 104:21; Ps 106:14; Ps 106:21; Ps 107:11; Ps 118:27; Ps 139:17; Ps 139:23; Ps 149:6; Ps 150:1; Isa 40:18; Isa 43:12; Isa 45:14; Isa 45:20; Isa 46:9; Lam 3:41; Hos 11:9; Hos 12:1; Mal 1:9 עִמָּנוּאל God is with us, as name of child in prediction Isa 7:14 compare Isa 8:8; Isa 8:10.
(f) El, a divine name אל אלהי ישראל Gen 33:20 (E); אל אלהי הרוחות Num 16:22 (P = יהוה אלהי הרוחות Num 27:16); אל אלהים יהוה Josh 22:22 (P) Ps 50:1. This is probable also in the ancient poems, Num 23:8; Num 23:19; Num 23:22; Num 23:23; Num 24:4; Num 24:8; Num 24:16; Num 24:23 (poetry Balaam || שדּי & עליון) Deut 32:18; Deut 33:26 (poetry Moses || צוּר & אֱלֹהֵי קֶדֶם) 2Sam 22:32; 2Sam 23:5 (poetry David || צוּר) and in the combinations אל עליון (5 t.; see עליון) & אל שדּי (10 t.; see שַׁדַּי).

7. אֵל strength, power (on connection with I. אָלָה compare Di Gen 1:1; Gen 31:29) in יֶשׁלְֿאֵל יָדִי it is according to the power of my hand = it is in my power, etc. Gen 31:29 (E; followed by לְ + Infinitive); בִּהְיוֺת לְאֵל יָדְ֯יךָ Prov 3:27 (followed by id.); יֶשׁלְֿאֵל יָדָם Mic 2:1 (absolute); negative וְאֵין לְאֵל יָדֶ֑ךָ Deut 28:32 (absolute) = thou shalt be powerless, so Neh 5:5.

**See also Brock^{ZAW xxvi (1906). 29 ff.} (meaning 'might' very dubious: renders belongs to the god of (my) hand, supposing phrase a survival, with original meaning forgotten, of ancient idea, found also among other nations, of spirits conferring powers upon particular members of body).

BDB6146 H6005 H410 H5973

עִמָּנוּאֵל proper name, masculine Immanuel (with us is God); — ׳י Isa 7:14 van d. H. Baer; עִמָּנוּ אֵל Gi; — name of child, symbolizing presence of ׳י to deliver his people (on interpret. see Commentaries) — עִמָּנוּ אֵל Isa 8:8; Isa 8:10 is declaration of trust and confidence, with us is God ! (compare Ps 46:8; Ps 46:12); see עִם.

god, gods, power, mighty, one, …

ʾēl

strength; as adjective, mighty; especially the Almighty (but used also of any deity)

god, god-like one, mighty one

mighty men, men of rank, mighty heroes

רַח֣וּם

Root word merciful, compassion

Dictionary form: רַחוּם · ra-HOOM

Adjective — masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: full of compassion

and merciful ×5 and full of compassion ×3 being full of compassion ×1 full of compassion ×1 is a merciful ×1 is merciful ×1 merciful ×1

More options

compassionate — Broadest modern equivalent; fits most contexts well.

merciful — Retained from KJV but still current; strong theological resonance.

full of compassion — Emphatic, poetic; suits liturgical or psalmic passages.

tender-hearted — Warmer, relational tone; good for narrative contexts.

gracious — Highlights benevolent disposition; pairs well with חַנּוּן.

caring — Accessible, everyday register; may feel too casual for worship.

BDB7865 H7349

רַחוּם adjective compassionate; — always of God: אֵל רַחוּם Deut 4:31, וְחַנּוּן ׳ר Exod 34:6 (J) = Ps 86:15; Ps 103:8 later ׳חַנּוּן ור 2Chr 30:9; Neh 9:17; Neh 9:31; Joel 2:13; Jonah 4:2; Ps 111:4; Ps 112:4; Ps 145:8 ׳והוא ר Ps 78:38.

merciful, compassion

raḥûm

compassionate

compassionate

always of God with one possible exception

וְ חַנּ֑וּן

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

חַנּ֑וּן

Root word gracious

Dictionary form: חַנּוּן · hahn-NOON

Adjective — masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: and gracious

is gracious ×4 and gracious ×3 art a gracious ×2 gracious ×2 am gracious ×1 he is gracious ×1

More options

gracious — Modernized from KJV; warm, broadly suitable adjective.

compassionate — Emphasizes active care and concern for others.

merciful — Highlights forgiveness and withholding of judgment.

kind — Simpler register; good for accessible or devotional translations.

generous — Stresses abundance of giving, especially in divine blessing.

benevolent — Slightly formal; suits theological or literary contexts.

BDB2945 H2587

חַנּוּן adjective gracious, only used as an attribute of God, as hearing the cry of the vexed debtor Exod 22:26 (covenant code), || מְרַחֵם Ps 116:5 elsewhere in the earlier phrase רַחוּם וְחַנּוּן Exod 34:6 (JE) = Ps 86:15; Ps 103:8, or the later חַנּוּן וְרַחוּם 2Chr 30:9; Neh 9:17; Neh 9:31; Ps 111:4; Ps 112:4; Ps 145:8; Joel 2:13; Jonah 4:2.

gracious

ḥannûn

gracious

gracious

אֶ֥רֶךְ

Root word slow, longsuffering, patient

Dictionary form: אָרֵךְ · aw-RAKE

Adjective — masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: longsuffering

slow ×5 he that is slow ×2 longsuffering ×2 but he that is slow ×1 is longsuffering ×1 is slow ×1 thereof and the patient ×1

More options

patient — Broad, natural modern default; fits most contexts.

slow to anger — Best when paired with אַף; captures idiom fully.

long-suffering — Modernized KJV form; retains theological weight.

forbearing — Emphasizes deliberate restraint; slightly formal register.

even-tempered — Good for character or wisdom literature contexts.

unhurried — Stresses the literal 'long/stretched' sense of the root.

BDB757 H750

[אָרֵךְ] adjective long — only construct אֶרֶךְ Exod 34:6 + 14 t. — הָאֵבֶר ׳א long of pinion Ezek 17:3 (|| גְּדוֺל הַכְּנָפַיִם) of eagle, in metaphor; elsewhere always of feelings, as substantive Eccl 7:8 רוּחַ ׳א the patient of spirit (opposed to ׳גְּבַהּ ר); אַפַּיִם ׳א one slow to anger Prov 14:29 (opposed to קְצַררֿוּחַ), so Prov 15:18 (opposed to אִישׁ חֵמָה), Prov 16:32 (|| משֵׁל בְּרוּחוֺ); more often of ׳י, אַפַיִם ׳א, Exod 34:6 אַפַּיִם וְרַבחֶֿסֶד וֶאֱמֶת ׳רַחוּם וְחַנּוּן א compare Num 14:18; Neh 9:17; Ps 86:15; Ps 103:8; Ps 145:8 so + וְנִחָם עַלהָֿרָעָה Joel 2:13 compare Jonah 4:2 (where אֵל), אַפַּיִם וּגְדוֺל כֹּחַ ׳א Nah 1:3 לְאֶרֶךְ אַפְּךָ only Jer 15:15, ׳א apparently noun; read אֹרֶךְ ? compare Prov 25:15.

BDB9342 H748 H749 H750

I. ארך (√ of following; Biblical Hebrew [ אָרַךְ, אָרֵךְ]).

slow, longsuffering, patient

ʾārēk

long

long (pinions)

אַ֝פַּ֗יִם

Root word anger, wrath, face, nostrils, nose, …

Dictionary form: אַף · ap

Noun — Common, masculine dual, absolute state dual — a natural pair ("two ___")

anger ×40 his anger ×13 and the anger ×12 wrath ×10 mine anger ×8 of his anger ×8 the anger ×8 to anger ×8

More options

anger — Most natural default; fits narrative and poetic contexts.

wrath — Stronger, more intense; suits divine or royal fury.

rage — Visceral, uncontrolled emotion; good for heated human anger.

nose — Literal anatomical sense; Hebrew idiom 'long of nose' = patient.

nostril — Use when breath or snorting imagery is in focus.

face — Rare metonymic sense; only when context clearly demands it.

BDB601 H639

I. אַף₂₇₇ noun masculine^{Gen 30:2} nostril, nose, face, anger (Assyrian appu, face Flood^{iii. 27, 29} compare Hpt KAT^{2 Gloss}, Arabic , Ethiopic nose; Aramaic , אֲנְפִּין face) — absolute Ps 78:21 +; construct Gen 27:45 +; suffix אַפּי Exod 22:23 +, etc.; du אַפַּיִם Prov 14:17 +; אַפָּיו Gen 2:7 + etc.; — In Hexateuch J E (Josh 7:1 P? Josh 23:16 D?).

1. nostril, as organ of breathing Gen 2:7; Gen 7:22; Job 27:3 compare Num 11:20; 2Sam 22:9 = Ps 18:9 compare Isa 65:5; Isa 2:22; Lam 4:20; Ezek 38:18 (strike out Co) Amos 4:10 רוּחַ אַפֶּיךָ (of ׳י) i.e. wind Exod 15:8 compare נִשְׁמַת רוּחַ אַפּוֺ 2Sam 22:16 = Ps 18:16 (see also below 3); nose singular Song 7:5; Song 7:9; Ezek 8:17; Ezek 23:25; Prov 30:33 (where play upon different meaning of אַף & אַפַּיִם):
(a) as organ of smelling Deut 33:10; Ps 115:6 (b) as place of ring for ornament Gen 24:47; Isa 3:21; Ezek 16:12
(c) as place of ring or hook for captive 2Kgs 19:28 = Isa 37:29 for beasts, e.g. swine Prov 11:22 hippopotamus Job 40:24 crocodile v.Job 40:26.

2. Du face (especially in phrase אַפַּיִם אַרְצָה) Gen 19:1; Gen 42:6; Gen 48:12; Num 22:31; 1Sam 20:41; 1Sam 24:9; 1Sam 25:41; 1Sam 28:14; 1Sam 2:4; 1Sam 2:33; 1Sam 18:28; 1Sam 24:20; 1Sam 1:23; 1Sam 1:31; 1Sam 1:21; 1Sam 2:3; 1Sam 20:18; also Gen 3:19 גֹּבַהּ אַפּוֺ pride of his countenance Ps 10:4 לְאַפֵּי before, local sense (compare לִפְנֵי) 1Sam 25:23 אַפָּ֑יִם 1Sam 1:5 read אֶפֶס ᵐ5 We Dr (q. v.)

3. mostly anger, human Gen 27:45; Gen 49:6; Gen 49:7 + (45 t.); oftener divine Exod 32:12; Deut 9:19; 2Kgs 24:20 + (177 t.); often subject חָרָה (וַיִּ֫חַר etc.) his anger was kindled Gen 30:2; Gen 39:19; Exod 4:14; Exod 22:23; Exod 32:10; Exod 32:11 +; in various combinations, especially חֲרוֺן אַף fierceness of anger Exod 32:12; Num 25:4; Num 32:14 +; compare חֳרִיאָֿף 1Sam 20:34 בַּעַלאַֿף Prov 22:24 one given to anger, etc.; אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם slow to anger Exod 34:6; Num 14:18; Neh 9:17 + 7 t. of God; Prov 14:29; Prov 15:18; Prov 16:32; Prov 25:15 of man.

BDB648 H639

I. אַף see below אנף.

BDB9318 H600 H639

[אֲנַף, אַף K^{§ 55, 4}] noun masculine only dual (Schulth^{ZAW xxii (1902), 164}) face (Biblical Hebrew אַף, √ אנף; Aramaic of Têma אנפי SAC²³ Lzb²²² Cooke^{69, 1. 14}, so S-C^{G 19 and} (usually) ᵑ7^J; אפין ᵑ7^{Onk Jon}, Syriac, Christian-Palestinian Aramaic (Schulth^Lex.13); also אפי Palmyrene Lzb²²² Cooke^{p.339, Christian-Palestinian} Aramaic with preposition Schulth^{Lex.14, etc}.); — plural suffix 3 masculine singular אַנְפּוֺהִי Dan 2:46; Dan 3:19.

anger, wrath, face, nostrils, nose, …

ʾap

properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire

nostril, nose, face

וְ רַב

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

רַב

Root word many, great, much, captain, more, …

Dictionary form: רַב · rahb

Adjective — masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: and plenteous

many ×82 great ×25 and many ×23 much ×16 of many ×16 the captain ×15 is great ×9 a great ×7

More options

many — Best default for plural/numerical contexts.

great — Prefer for intensity, size, or importance.

much — Use with uncountable or mass nouns.

abundant — Highlights surplus or overflow; slightly elevated register.

numerous — More formal synonym for 'many'; suits lists or armies.

chief — Use when רַב functions as a title or rank.

BDB7691 H7227

I. רַב₄₂₉ adjective much, many, great; — masculine singular absolute ׳ר Gen 24:25+, רָ֑ב Gen 33:9+, also רָ֛ב 2Chr 20:2 ב֖ 2Chr 28:8, רָב֨ Ezra 10:13, etc.; construct תַב Exod 34:6 +; feminine singular רַבָּה Num 11:33 +; construct רַבַּת Ezek 22:5 + רַבָּ֫תִי (Ges^{§90 k 1}) Lam 1:1 (twice in verse); masculine plural absolute רַבִּים Exod 23:2 (twice in verse)+, construct see II. רַב; feminine plural absolute רַבּוֺת Gen 30:43 +; — [often both as predicate and as attributive; as attributive preceding noun (influence of usage for numerals ? Kö^{Synt.§334 k} Ges^{«GKC:132b»§ 132b}): רַב Isa 63:7; Ps 145:7 (but read probably רֹב, רָבֿ; in Isa 21:7 ׳ר is predicate), רַבּים Jer 16:16; Ps 32:10; Ps 89:51 (on context Bö^NÄ Bae, also Hup), Prov 7:26; 1Chr 28:5, רַבּוֺת Neh 9:28; Prov 31:29]; —

1. (often opposed to מְעַט)
a. (1)much: of substances, gold 1Kgs 10:2; Ps 19:11, silver (money) 2Kgs 12:11; 2Chr 24:11, bronze 1Chr 18:8, wine Esth 1:7 of other quantities, e.g.spoil 2Sam 3:22, property 2Chr 32:29, seed Deut 28:38, etc.; רַב שֶׁיִּהְיוּ EC Deut 6:3b be it much that his days amount to; (2) especially of collectives, numerous, עַםרַֿב Josh 11:4; 2Sam 13:34 עֲבֻדָּה רַבָּךְ Gen 26:14; Job 1:3, מִקְנֶה רַב Deut 3:19+,etc.
b. plural many: person Exod 5:5; Judg 8:30; Judg 9:40; 1Kgs 4:20; 1Kgs 11:1+, things Gen 30:48; Amos 5:12; Deut 31:17 +; noun omitted רַבּוֺת Dan 11:41 (that is, lands; read רִבּוֺת myriads Kmp Bev Behrm Marti Prince); יָמִים רֵבִּים many days (a long time) Gen 21:34; Gen 37:24+28 t.,שָׁנִים רַבּוֺת Neh 9:30; Eccl 6:3a, אִם עוֺר רַבּוֺת בַּשָּׁנִים Lev 25:51 רַבּוֺת עִתִּים Neh 9:28 many times (see above) =פְּעָמִים רַבּוֺת Ps 106:43; Eccl 7:22 מַכָּה רַבָּה Deut 25:3 many blows; מַיִם רִַ׃בּים many waters Num 20:11+27 t., compare Isa 8:7 etc.
c. רַב as substantive collective person Exod 19:21, also (opposed to מְעַט)1Sam 14:6; Num 13:18; Num 26:54; Num 26:56; Num 33:54; Num 35:8 so רַבַּת (Ges^{«GKC:130a»§ 130a}) 2Chr 30:17; 2Chr 30:18, and (thing; =much) Ezek 24:12 רַב construct before abstract (= רֹב) Isa 21:7; Isa 63:7; Ps 145:7 especially plural רַבִּים of person Exod 23:2 (twice in verse) +37 t. + בַּתרַֿבִּים Song 7:5.
d. construct= abounding in, רַבבְּֿרֶכוֺת Prov 28:20, רַבחֶֿסֶר (see I. חֶסֶד 3), רַבפֹּֿךְַ Ps 147:5, רַבמְֿאֵרוֺת Prov 28:27, רַב הַמְּהוּמָה Ezek 22:5, רַבנֿוֺצָךְ Ezek 17:7, רַבחֶֿעֲלִיָּה Jer 32:19, רֵבפְּֿעֶלִים 2Sam 23:20= 1Chr 11:22, רַבפָּֿ֑שַׁע Prov 29:22 רַבתְּֿבוּנָה Prov 14:29 רַבַּת אוֺצָרֹת Jer 51:13, רַבַּת בָּנִים 1Sam 2:5 רַבָּ֫תִי עָם Lam 1:1 (Ges^{«GKC:90l»§ 90l}).
e. + מִן compare= more numerous than Exod 1:9; Num 22:15; Josh 10:11; Judg 16:30; 2Kgs 6:16; Isa 54:1; 1Chr 24:4; 2Chr 32:7; Dan 11:13 followed by infinitive, too many to Gen 36:7; Judg 7:2 (compare vJudg 7:4); see also following feminine רַב =abundant, enough Gen 24:25; Gen 33:9 as exclamation enough! Gen 45:28; 2Sam 24:16; 1Chr 21:15; 1Kgs 19:4, so (+ מִן infinitive) Exod 9:28 (מִן 6 d); רַבלָֿךְ (with implication of excess) Deut 3:26 (let it) suffice thee! so רַבלָֿכֶם Ezek 45:9, also Num 16:3; Num 16:7= ye assume too much ! + infinitive it is enough for you to Deut 1:6; Deut 2:3 (i.e. you have done it enough), so+ מִן infinitive 1Kgs 12:23, מִן substantive Ezek 44:6.
g. as adverb much, exceedingly (only Psalms), רַב Ps 123:3, ָרב Ps 18:15 (Hup De Che and others; HPS^{2Sam 22:15} conjectures רָמָה omits || 2Sam 22:15); רַבָּה Ps 62:3; Ps 78:15; Ps 89:8 (ᵐ5. Bae רַב הוּא ); רַבַּת (Aramaism, compare Syriac , , Nö^{§ 155} A&W^{SG 135}) Ps 65:10; Ps 120:6 (=long enough), Ps 123:4; Ps 129:1; Ps 129:2

2. less often great:
a. of space 1Sam 26:13, the deep Amos 7:4; Gen 7:11; Isa 51:10; Ps 36:7(figurative), city Lam 1:1 (רַ֫בָּתִי בַגּוֺיִם Ges§), — see also צִירוֺן חֲמַת; -plague Num 11:33, empire Esth 1:20 goodness Ps 31:20, wickedness Gen 6:5, etc.
b. specifically strong (opposed to אֵין כֹּחַ) 2Chr 14:10 רַב לְהוֺשִׁיעַ Isa 63:1 so רַבִּים as substantive Isa 53:12 (|| עֲצוּמִים).
c. major natu Gen 25:23 (opposed to צָעִיר); רַבּים as substantive grandoevi, Job 32:9.
d. + מִן compare greater than Deut 7:1; Deut 7:17; Deut 9:14; Deut 20:1 too great for Josh 19:9; 1Kgs 19:7 — Prov 26:10 is hopelessly corrupt, see Toy.

BDB7692 H7227 H7248 H7249 H8248 H7262

II. רַב₄₉ noun masculine chief (Assyrian-Babylonian influence, compare rab Dl^{HWB 609 b}; Biblical Aramic רַב); — construct ׳ר Jer 39:9+; plural construct רַבֵּי Jer 39:13; Jer 41:1 (but see below); — especially רַבֿ טַבָּחִים chief of guardsmen (see טַבָּח), only as title of Babylonian officer Jer 30:9; Jer 30:10 + 15 t. Jeremiah, 7 t || 2Kgs 25 (compare ׳שַׁר הַט in Gen [J E]); also רַב הַחֹבֵל Jonah 1:6 chief of the sailors, i.e. captain; in general כָּלרַֿב בֵּיתוֺ Esth 1:8, רַבמָֿרִיסָיו Dan 1:3 (see סָרִיס ), and so רַבֵּי מֶלֶךְ בָּבֶל Jer 39:13, רַבֵּי הַמֶּלֶךְ Jer 41:1 (late gloss; omitted by ᵐ5 and || 2Kgs 25:25, so Hi Gf Gie). The following titles of Assyrian -Babylonian officers are probably loan-words in Hebrew: רַבמָֿ֑ג Jer 39:3; Jer 39:13 usually chief soothsayer (see מָ֑ג), but = rab-mugi [? chief of princes] Pinches^{Hast. DB. BAB-MAG}; רַבסָֿרִיס (compare Old Aramaic [Nineveh] רב סרס Lzb³⁸⁶), 2Kgs 18:17 (Assyrian; not in || Isa 36:2), Jer 39:8; Jer 39:13 (Babylonian ), usually chief eunuch, but = rabû-ša-rêši, chief of the heads (the principal men) Wkl^{Unters. x.altor.Geschichte.1889, Excurs. v, p. 138} (actually found as rubû-ša-ri-ešu Pinches^{Acad June 25,1892, 618}), Pinches^{Hast.DB.RAB-SARIS}; רַבשָֿׁקֵה (van d. H. רַבְשָׁקֵה) chief of the officers (?) (so probably Assyrian rab-ŠA†; ša‡kû = high one; COT^{2Kgs 18:17} KB^ii.23 Dl^{HWB 685 a} Tiele^{Bab.-As. Geschichte.497.513} Pinches^{Hast.DB.iv 191}), 2Kgs 18:17; 2Kgs 18:19; 2Kgs 18:26; 2Kgs 18:27; 2Kgs 18:37; 2Kgs 19:4; 2Kgs 19:8 = Isa 36:2; Isa 36:4; Isa 36:11; Isa 36:13 (twice in verse); Isa 36:22; Isa 37:4; Isa 37:8

BDB9879 H7227 H7231 H7239

רבב (√ of following; see Biblical Hebrew I. רבב, רַב, רִבּוֺ).

many, great, much, captain, more, …

rab

abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)

(adj) much, many, great

much

חֶ֥סֶד

Root word mercy, kindness, lovingkindness, mercies, goodness, …

Dictionary form: חֵסֵד · hay-SADE

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: in mercy

his mercy ×45 mercy ×28 kindness ×21 thy lovingkindness ×8 and mercy ×7 thy mercy ×7 of thy mercy ×6 kindly ×5

More options

faithful love — Most scholarly modern default; captures covenant loyalty dimension.

steadfast love — Common in academic translations (RSV, NRSV); emphasizes reliability.

loving kindness — Two-word modernization of KJV compound; warm, devotional register.

mercy — Prefer when context stresses pardon or compassion over covenant.

kindness — Best for interpersonal, non-theological contexts (e.g. Ruth).

loyalty — Use when covenant obligation is the primary emphasis.

BDB2965 H2617

חֶ֫סֶד: 247 noun masculine^{2Sam 16:17} goodness, kindness; — absolute ׳ח Gen 24:12 + 85 t.; חָ֑סֶד Gen 39:21 + 12 t.; construct חֶסֶד 1Sam 20:14 + 8 t.; suffix חַסְדִּי Ps 59:18 + 120 t. suffixes; plural חֲסָדִים Gen 32:11 construct חַסֵדֵי Isa 55:3 + 5 t. (Baer^{Jes p. 79} Ges^{«GKC:93»§ 93}, R, 1. F.); suffix חֲסָדַי Neh 13:14 + 10t. suffixes; (not in H or P). I. of man:

1. kindness of men towards men, in doing favours and benefits 1Sam 20:15; 2Sam 16:17; Ps 141:5; Prov 19:22; Prov 20:6 יהוה ׳ח 1Sam 20:14 the kindness of ׳י (such as he shews, Thes MV; that sworn to by oath to Yahweh Mich Dathe; shewn out of reverence to Yahweh Th Ke); compare אלהים ׳ח 2Sam 9:3 ׳תּוֺרַתאח Prov 31:26 instruction in kindness, kindly instruction עָשָׂה חֶסֶד עִמָּדִי do or shew kindness (in dealing) with me Gen 20:13; Gen 40:14 (E), 1Sam 20:14; 2Sam 10:2 (עִמִּי in || 1Chr 19:2); with עִם Gen 21:23 (E), Gen 24:12; Gen 24:14; Josh 2:12 (twice in verse); Judg 1:24 (J), Judg 8:35; 1Sam 15:6; 1Sam 2:5; 1Sam 3:8; 1Sam 9:1; 1Sam 9:3a = 1Chr 19:2a, 1Chr 19:2b 2Chr 24:22 with עַל 1Sam 20:8 with לְ 1Kgs 2:7 לפני ׳נשׂא ח obtain kindness before Esth 2:9; Esth 2:17 ׳היטיב ח Ruth 3:10.

2. kindness (especially as extended to the lowly, needy and miserable), mercy Prov 20:28; Job 6:14 אישׁ חסד merciful man Prov 11:17 (opposed to אַכְזָרִי); ׳מַלְכֵּי ח merciful kings 1Kgs 20:31 ׳עשׂה ח Ps 109:16 in this sense usually with other attributes (see also below II.

2.); || אמת Hos 4:1; Isa 16:5 ואמת ׳ח Prov 3:3; Prov 14:22; Prov 16:6; Prov 20:28 ואמת ׳עשׂה ח Gen 24:49; Gen 47:29; Josh 2:14 (J; RV gives thse under 1); || צדקה Hos 10:12 ׳צדקה וח Prov 21:21 || משׁפט Mic 6:8 ומשׁפט ׳ח Hos 12:7 || חוֺנֵן Ps 109:12 ורחמים ׳ח Zech 7:9; Dan 1:9. — (On Hos 6:4; Hos 6:6 see 3 below)

3. (rarely) affection if Israel to ׳י love to God, piety: נְעוּרַיִךְ ׳ח Jer 2:2 priety of thy youth (|| love of thine espousals to Yahweh); possibly also חַסְדְּכֶם כַּעֲנַןבֹּֿקֶר Hos 6:4 your piety is like a morning cloud (fleeting), and כִּי חֶסֶד חָפַצְתִּי וְלאֹזָֿ֑בַח Hos 6:6 for piety I delight in and not in peace-offering (|| דעת אלהים, compare 1Sam 15:22); — so Wü Now Hi (1Sam 15:4) Che; Ke Hi (1Sam 15:6) al. below 2 (or 1); — נַנְשֵׁי חֶסֶד men of piety Isa 57:1 (|| צַדִּיק); plural pious acts 2Chr 32:32; 2Chr 35:26; Neh 13:14.

4. lovely appearance: כָּלחַֿסְדּוֺ כְּצִיץ הַשָֹּׁדֶה Isa 40:6 all its loveliness as the flower of the field (so Thes Hi De Che Di and others; but δόξα ᵐ5 1Pet 1:24 & gloria ᵑ9 favour an original reading הוֺדוֺ Lo or כְּבֹדוֺ Ew, see Br^{MP 375}; Du הֲדָרוֺ). II. of God: kindness, lovingkindness in condescendig to the needs of his creatures. He is חַסְדָּם their goodness favour Jonah 2:9 חַסְדִּי Ps 144:2 אֱלֹהֵי חַסְדִּי God of my kindness Ps 59:18 in vPs 59:11 read אֱלֹהַי חַסְדּוֺ my God with his kindness ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Ew Hup De Pe Che Bae; his is the kindness Ps 62:13 it is with him Ps 130:7 he delights in it Mic 7:18.

1. specifically lovingkindness:
a. in redemption from enemies and troubles Gen 19:19; Gen 39:21 (J), Exod 15:13 (song), Jer 31:3; Ezra 7:28; Ezra 9:9; Ps 21:8; Ps 31:17; Ps 31:22; Ps 32:10; Ps 33:22; Ps 36:8; Ps 36:11; Ps 42:9; Ps 44:27; Ps 48:10; Ps 59:17; Ps 66:20; Ps 85:8; Ps 90:14; Ps 94:18; Ps 107:8; Ps 107:15; Ps 107:21; Ps 107:31; Ps 143:8; Ps 143:12; Job 37:13; Ruth 1:8; Ruth 2:20 men should trust in it Ps 13:6; Ps 52:10 rejoice in it Ps 31:8 hope in it Ps 33:18; Ps 147:11.
b. in preservation of life from death Ps 6:5; Ps 86:13; Job 10:12.
c. in quickening of spiritual life Ps 109:26; Ps 119:41; Ps 119:76; Ps 119:88; Ps 119:124; Ps 119:149; Ps 119:159.
d. in redemption from sin Ps 25:7; Ps 51:3.
e. in keeping the covenants, with Abraham Mic 7:20 with Moses and Israel שׁמר הַבְּרִית וְ(הַ)חֶסֶד keep-eth the covenant and the lovingkindness Deut 7:9; Deut 7:12; 1Kgs 8:23 = 2Chr 6:14; Neh 1:5; Neh 9:32; Dan 9:4 with David and his dynasty 2Sam 7:15 = 1Chr 17:13; 2Sam 22:51 = Ps 18:51, 1Kgs 3:6 (twice in verse) = 2Chr 1:8; Ps 89:29; Ps 89:34 with the wife Zion Isa 54:10.

2. חֶסֶד is grouped with other divine attributes: חסד ואמת kindness (lovingkindness) and fidelity Gen 24:27 (J), Ps 25:10; Ps 41:11; Ps 40:12; Ps 57:4; Ps 61:8; Ps 85:11; Ps 89:15; Ps 115:1; Ps 138:2 ואמת עם ׳עשׂה ח 2Sam 2:6; 2Sam 15:20 (ᵐ5, see Dr); with אֶתֿ Gen 24:49 ואמת ׳רַב ח Exod 34:6 (JE), Ps 86:15 also || אמת Mic 7:20; Ps 26:3; Ps 117:2 || אֱמוּנָה Ps 88:12; Ps 89:3; Ps 92:3 ׳אמונה וח Ps 89:25 ואמונה ׳ח Ps 98:3 || רחמים Ps 77:9 ורחמים ׳ח Jer 16:5; Hos 2:21; Ps 103:4 ומשׁפט ׳ח Jer 9:23; Ps 101:1 || צדקה Ps 36:11 ׳טוב וח Ps 23:6.

3. the kindness of God is
a. abundant: רַבחֶֿסֶד abundant, plenteous in kindness (goodness) Num 14:18 (J), Neh 9:17 (Qr), Joel 2:13; Jonah 4:2; Ps 86:5; Ps 103:8 (compare Exod 34:6 J E; Ps 86:15); רֹב חַסְדְּךָ Neh 13:22; Ps 5:8; Ps 69:14; Ps 106:7 (ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Aq Targan, to be preferred to ᵑ0 חֲסָדֶיךָ); רֹב חֲסָדָו֯ Lam 3:32; Ps 106:45 (Kt ᵐ5 in both to be preferred).
b. great in extent: ׳נֹּדֶל חִ greatness of thy mercy Num 14:19 (J); ׳נְּדָו֯וֺלחֿ Ps 145:8 it is kept for thousands Exod 34:7 (JE), Jer 32:18, especially of those connected with lovers of ׳י, Exod 20:6 = Deut 5:10 for 1000 generations Deut 7:9 it is great as the heavens Ps 57:11; Ps 103:11, compare Ps 36:6; Ps 108:5 the earth is full of it Ps 33:5; Ps 119:64.
c. everlasting: לעולם חסדוֺ Jer 33:11; 1Chr 16:34; 1Chr 16:41; 2Chr 5:13; 2Chr 7:3; 2Chr 7:6; 2Chr 20:21; Ezra 3:11; Ps 100:5; Ps 106:1; Ps 107:1; Ps 118:1; Ps 118:2; Ps 118:3; Ps 118:4; Ps 118:29; Ps 136:1 (26 t.); חסדךָ לעולם Ps 138:8 מעולם ׳ח ועד עולם Ps 103:17 עולם ׳ח Isa 54:8 אל כּל ׳ח היום Ps 52:3.
d. good: כִּיטֿוֺב חַסְדְּךָ Ps 69:17; Ps 109:21 כי טוב חסדךָ מחיים Ps 63:4.

4. plural mercies, deeds of kindness, the historic displays of lovingkindness to Israel: shewn to Jacob Gen 32:11 (R); but mostly late Isa 63:7; Ps 25:6; Ps 89:2 כְּרֹב חסִדיו Isa 63:7, see 3 a; promised in the Davidic covenant Psalm Isa 89:50 חַסְדֵי דָוִיד mercies to David Isa 55:3; 2Chr 6:42 mercies in general Lam 3:22; Ps 17:7; Ps 107:43f. — חֶסֶד in proper name, masculine ׳בןחֿ see below בֵּן. On Lev 20:17; Prov 14:34 see חֶסֶד below II. חסד.

BDB2970 H2617

II. חֶ֫סֶד noun masculine shame, reproach, only absolute: — הוּא ׳ח Lev 20:17 (H) it is a shame (shameful thing); לְאֻמִּים חַטָּאת ׳ח Prov 14:34 sin is a reproach to peoples.

mercy, kindness, lovingkindness, mercies, goodness, …

ḥēsēd

kindness; by implication (towards God) piety; rarely (by opposition) reproof, or (subject.) beauty

goodness, kindness, faithfulness

וֶ אֱמֶֽת

וֶ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

אֱמֶֽת

Root word truth, true, truly, right, faithfully, …

Dictionary form: אֶמֶת · eh-MET

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: and truth

and truth ×17 of truth ×12 the truth ×9 in truth ×8 truth ×6 and thy truth ×5 thy truth ×5 true ×4

More options

truth — Most direct modern equivalent; broadly applicable in prose.

faithfulness — Emphasizes relational reliability; good for covenantal contexts.

integrity — Highlights moral uprightness and wholeness of character.

reliability — Stresses dependability; suits legal or contractual settings.

genuine — Adjectival nuance; use when Hebrew modifies a noun.

certainty — Underscores absolute assurance; fits emphatic or oath contexts.

BDB539 H571

אֱמֶת noun feminine firmness, faithfulness, truth (contracted for אֱמֶנֶת from אָמֵן) Gen 24:48 + 106 t.; suffix אֲמִתּוֺ, אֲמִתְּךָ Ps 91:4 + 18 t.

1. reliability, sureness: דֶּרֶח אֱמֶת sure way Gen 24:48 (J); שׂכר אמת sure reward Prov 11:18 אות אמת sure token Josh 2:12 (J); זֶרַע אמת Jer 2:21.

2. stability, con-tinuance: שָׁלוֺם וֶאֱמֶת peace and stability Isa 39:8 (= 2Kgs 20:19) Esth 9:30; Jer 33:6; Zech 8:19, compare שׁלום אמת Jer 14:13.

3. faithfulness, reliableness: (α) of men אִישׁ אֱמֶת faithful man Neh 7:2 אנשׁי אמת Exod 18:21 (E); הָלַח בֶּאֱמֶת walk in faithfulness, faithfully 1Kgs 2:4; 1Kgs 3:6; 2Kgs 20:3; Isa 38:3 compare 1Sam 12:24 of ׳י, בַּאֲמִתֶּ֑ךָ Ps 25:5; Ps 26:3; Ps 86:11 עיר האמת Zech 8:3 of men Ps 45:5; Ps 51:8; 2Chr 31:20; 2Chr 32:1; Prov 29:14; Isa 10:20; Isa 42:3; Isa 48:1 ובתמים ׳בא Judg 9:16; Judg 9:19; Josh 24:14 ׳חֶסֶד וֶאֱ mercy and faithfulness Prov 3:3; Prov 14:22; Prov 16:6; Prov 20:28; Hos 4:1, & the phrase עשׂה חסד ואמת Gen 24:49; Gen 47:29; Josh 2:14 (J) 2Sam 15:20.
(b) an attribute of God Ps 54:7; Ps 71:22; Isa 38:18; Isa 38:19; Isa 61:8 נתן אמת Mic 7:20 עשׂה אמת Ezek 18:9; Neh 9:33 עשׂה חסד ואמת Gen 32:11 (J) 2Sam 2:6 רב חסד ואמת abundant in mercy and faithfulness Exod 34:6 (J) Ps 86:15 these attributes are also associated Ps 40:11; Ps 40:12; Ps 61:8; Ps 115:1; Ps 138:2; Isa 16:5; Gen 24:27 (J); they are messengers of God to men Ps 57:4; Ps 85:11; Ps 89:15 compare Ps 43:3 חסד ואמת ׳כל ארחות י Ps 25:10 the faithfulness of God endureth for ever Ps 117:2 he keepeth it for ever Ps 146:6 it reacheth unto the skies Ps 57:11; Ps 108:5 it is shield & buckler Ps 91:4 he is אל אמת Ps 31:6 = אלהי אמת 2Chr 15:3 אֱמֶת is also associated with the divine ישׁר Ps 111:8 צֶדֶק Ps 85:12 צְדָקָה Zech 8:8 מִשְׁפָּט Ps 111:7; Jer 4:2 & salvation Ps 69:14.

4. truth
(a) as spoken: דבר אמת speak truth 1Kgs 22:16; 2Chr 18:15; Jer 9:4; Zech 8:16; Ps 15:2 ׳דִּבְרֵי א Eccl 12:10 אֱמֶת הַדָּבָר the thing is certainly true Deut 13:15; Deut 17:4 אִמְרֵי אֱמֶת = אמרים אמת Prov 22:21 הגה אמת Prov 8:7 ׳הגיד א Dan 11:2, אֲמִתְּךָ Ps 30:10 שׂפת אמת Prov 12:19 אֱמֶת it is true Isa 43:9 האמת אתכם whether truth is with you Gen 42:16 (E) compare Isa 59:14; Isa 59:15.
(b) of testimony and judgment עֵד אֱמֶת true witness Prov 14:25 עד אמת ונאמן Jer 42:5 משׁפט אמת Ezek 18:8; Zech 7:9 שָׁפַט אמת Zech 8:16.
(c) of divine instruction כְּחָב אֱמֶת Dan 10:21 תורת אמת Mal 2:6 compare Neh 9:13 תורתך אמת Ps 119:142 בְּפִיךָ אמת ׳דבר י 1Kgs 17:24 compare 2Sam 7:28 ׳משׁפטי י אמת Ps 19:10 ראשׁ דברך אמת Ps 119:160 מצותיך אמת Ps 119:151.
(d) truth as a body of ethical or religious knowledge Dan 8:12 להשׂכיל באמתך Dan 9:13.

5. adverb in truth, truly Ps 132:11 יהוה אלהים אמת Yahweh is God in truth, truly Jer 10:10 elsewhere בֶּאֱמֶת Judg 9:15; Ps 145:18; Jer 26:15; Jer 28:9; Jer 32:41.

truth, true, truly, right, faithfully, …

ʾemet

stability; (figuratively) certainty, truth, trustworthiness

(n f) firmness, faithfulness, truth

sureness, reliability

as spoken

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Pp2ms

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H859

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmpc/Sp1cs

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H136

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmsa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H410

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar Aamsa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H7349

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Aamsa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H2587

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Grammar Aamsc

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H750

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmda

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H639

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Aamsc

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H7227

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmsa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H2617

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Ncfsa

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H571

Masoretic Phrasing

KJV