Isaiah 14:11

הוּרַ֥ד שְׁא֛וֹל גְאוֹנֶ֖ךָ הֶמְיַ֣ת נְבָלֶ֑יךָ תַּחְתֶּ֙יךָ֙ יֻצַּ֣ע רִמָּ֔ה וּמְכַסֶּ֖יךָ תּוֹלֵעָֽה
Thy pomp is brought down to the grave, and the noise of thy viols: the worm is spread under thee, and the worms cover thee.
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

הוּרַ֥ד
הוּרַ֥ד
Root word down, descended, descend, went, come, …
Dictionary form: יָרַד · yaw-RAHD

Verb — Hophal, Perfect (Qatal), third person masculine singular causative passive — "he was made to do" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: is brought down
came down ×23 went down ×23 come down ×17 go down ×17 them that go down ×10 and went down ×9 shall come down ×9 to go down ×6
More options
go down — Most neutral, general-purpose rendering for movement downward.
descend — Slightly formal; good for elevated or ceremonial contexts.
come down — Preferred when motion is toward the speaker or reader.
drop down — Useful for rapid or sudden downward movement.
sink — Best when subject gradually lowers, e.g. into water or despair.
go down to — Idiomatic for traveling to a lower-elevation destination, e.g. Egypt.

BDB3717 H3381

BDB3716 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3718

יָרַד380 verb come or go down, descend (Late Hebrew id.; MI32 וארד and רד; Assyrian arâdu, DlHWB 240; Arabic come to, arrive at, also descend; Ethiopic descend; Sabean ורד and הורד id., DHM in MV) —

Qal306 Perfect יָרַד Exod 19:18 +; יְרַד Judg 5:13 (twice in verse) (but read יָרַד or יֵרֵד); רַד Judg 19:11 (read יָרַד), etc.; Imperfect יֵרֵד Gen 42:38 +; וַיֵּ֫רֶד Gen 11:5 +; וַיֵּרַ֑ד 2Sam 22:10 + 2 t.; 3 feminine singular תֵּ֫רֶד (אֵשׁׅ 2Kgs 1:10; 2Kgs 1:12 תּרַד Jer 13:17; Lam 3:48 תֵּדֵֿ֔ Isa 34:5; Isa 63:14 תֵּרֵ֑ד Ezek 26:11 (יוֺרִיד Vrss Co); וַתֵּ֫רֶד Gen 24:16 + 7 t.; 2 masculine singular תֵּרֵד Gen 26:2 + 5 t. + 1Sam 20:19, where read תִּפָּקֵד We Dr., compare ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7; 1 singular אֵרֵד Gen 37:35 + 3 t.; וָאֵרֵד Exod 3:8 + 3 t.; cohortative אֵרְדָהנָֿא Gen 18:21 יֵרְדוּ 1Sam 13:12 + 4 t.; וַיֵּרְדוּ Gen 42:3 + 19 t.; 3 feminine plural תֵּרַדְנָה Jer 14:17 + 2 t.; 1 plural נֵרֵד Gen 43:5 cohortative נֵרְדָה Gen 11:7 + 2 t.; וַנֵּ֫רֶד 2Kgs 10:13 Imperative רֵד Exod 19:21 +; רְדָה Gen 45:9; Ezek 32:19 רֵ֑דָה 2Kgs 1:9; 2Kgs 1:11 feminine singular רְדִי Jer 48:18; Isa 47:1 masculine plural רְדוּ Gen 42:2 + 5 t.; Infinitive absolute יָרֹד Gen 43:20 construct רֶ֫דֶת Gen 44:26 +; (מֵ)רְדָה Gen 46:3 (see Köi. 402); suffix רִדְתִּי Ps 30:10, etc. (in Ps 30:4 read Kt מִיּוֺרְדֵי, so ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Che Bae, see Ol§§ 160 b, 245d); Participle יוֺרֵד Judg 9:36 +; feminine singular יֹרְדָה Lam 1:16 (הַ)יֹּרֶ֫דֶת Eccl 3:21; 1Sam 25:30, etc.; —
1. a. come or go down: from (מִן) a mountain Exod 19:14; Exod 32:1; Exod 32:15 (all E), Exod 34:29 (twice in verse) (JE), Deut 9:15; Deut 10:5; Num 20:28 (P) +; absolute Exod 19:21; Exod 19:24 (J), vExod 19:25 (J; with אֶל person); from the air, of birds, followed by עַל Gen 15:11 (JE).
  b. go down (usually from mountain or hill-country into plain), to battle, absolute Judg 5:14 followed by לָעֵמֶק Judg 1:34 followed by לַשְּׁעָרִים Judg 5:11 followed by אֶל vJudg 5:10 vJudg 5:11, compare 1Sam 17:8 (followed by אֶל person); followed by לִקְרַאת Judg 7:24 followed by אַחֲרֵי person 1Sam 14:36 followed by ב location Judg 7:9 בַּמִּלְחָמָה יֵרֵד וְנִסְפָּה 1Sam 26:10, compare 1Sam 29:4; 1Sam 30:24 of single combat, וַיַּרֶד אֵלָיו בַּשָּׁ֑בֶט 2Sam 23:21 = 1Chr 11:23.
  c. go down to (accusative) threshing-floor, Ruth 3:3; Ruth 3:5 (from David's palace) to Uriah's house (אֶל) 2Sam 11:9; 2Sam 11:10 (twice in verse); 2Sam 11:13 from temple to (accusative) king's house Jer 36:12 (+ עַללִֿשְׁכַּת הַסֹּפֵר); רֵד בֵּיתמֶֿלֶךְ יְהוּדָח Jer 22:1, etc.
  d. go down (absolute) from Palestine to Egypt Gen 42:3 (E), vGen 42:38 (J) + 6 t. J E; followed by אֵלַי Gen 45:9 (E); followed by מִעְרַ֫יְמָה Gen 46:3; Gen 46:4 (E), Gen 12:10; Gen 26:2 (both J), Num 20:15 (JE); followed by מִצְרֵיִם Josh 24:4 (E), Gen 43:15 (J), Isa 30:2; Isa 31:1; Isa 52:4 followed by שָׁמָּה Gen 42:2 (E) ; so to Philistine cities Judg 14:19; Judg 16:31; 1Sam 13:20; Amos 6:2.
  e. from Jerusalem, absolute Judg 1:9; 1Kgs 1:25; Neh 6:3; 2Chr 20:16 (to battle); to Jezreel 2Kgs 8:21 = 2Kgs 9:26 = 2Chr 22:6 to Samaria 1Kgs 22:2 = 2Chr 18:2 (to Gihon) 1Sam 1:38, etc. feminine from altar ירד מֵעֲשׂוֺת הַחַטָּאת Lev 9:22 (P); from chariot, with מֵעַל Judg 4:15 from ass, with מֵעַל 1Sam 25:23 from throne, with מֵעַל Ezek 26:16, absolute Isa 47:1, compare רְדִי מִכָּבוֺד Jer 48:18 from ships, with מִן Ezek 27:29 from bed, with מִן 2Kgs 1:4; 2Kgs 1:6; 2Kgs 1:16 (all opposed to עלה).
  g. go down הָעַ֫יְנָה Gen 24:16; Gen 24:45 (J); followed by לִרְחֹץ עַל הַיְאֹר Exod 2:5 (E), compare (absolute) 2Kgs 5:14 followed by accusative הַסֶּלַע 1Sam 23:25 יוֺרְדֵי הַיָּם Isa 42:10 יוֺרְדֵי הַיָּם בָּאֳנִיּוֺת Ps 107:23 absolute (into pit or well) 2Sam 23:30 = 1Chr 11:22, followed by שָׁם (i.e. בְּאֵר) 2Sam 17:18. וְיָרַדְתִּי֯ Judg 11:37, read וְרַדְתִּי (√ רוד, wander about), RS in Bla.
  h. = sink, in water יָָֽרְדוּ בִמְצוֺלוֺת כְּמוֺאָֿ֑בֶן Exod 15:5 (song in E); לְקִצְבֵי הָרַים יָרַדְתִּי Jonah 2:7 more generally, opposed to rising, יַעֲלוּ הָרִים יֵָֽרְדוּ בְקָעוֺת Ps 104:8 mountains rise, valleys sink; יַעֲלוּ שָׁמַיִם יֵרְדוּ תְהוֺמוֺת Ps 107:26.
  i. go down to She'ôl: followed by שְׁא֫וֺלָה Gen 37:35 (J; + אֶלבְּֿנִי), Num 16:30; Num 16:33 (JE), Ezek 31:15; Ezek 31:17 followed by שְׁאוֺל Ezek 32:27; Ps 55:16; Job 7:6 (opposed to עלה); בַּדֵּי שְׁאֹל תֵּרַדְנָה Job 17:16 absolute Isa 5:14; Ezek 32:19 (|| הָשְׁכְּבָה), vEzek 32:21 vEzek 32:30, Ps 49:15 (followed by אַחֲרָיו); יָָֽרְדוּ עֲרֵלִים Ezek 32:24 followed by שַׁחַת Job 33:24, אֶלשַֿׁחַת Ps 30:10 followed by בּוֺר Ps 30:4 Qr (Kt יורדי); יוֺרְדֵי אֶלאַֿבְנֵיבֿוֺר Isa 14:19 ; יוֺרְדֵי בוֺר Ps 28:1; Ezek 26:20 (twice in verse) (|| אֶרֶץ תַּחְתִיּוֺת) + 11 t. (see בּוֺר); יוֺרְדֵי עָפָר Ps 22:30 יוֺרְדֵי דוּמָה Ps 115:17 (|| הַמֵּתִים); רַגְלֶיהָ יֹרְדֹת מָ֑וֶת Prov 5:5, compare Prov 7:27 (|| דַּרְכֵי שְׁאוֺל); note also מִי יוֺדֵעַר֗֗֗וּךְַ הַבְּהֵמָה הַיּרֶדֶת הִיא לְמִטָּה לָאָרֶץ Eccl 3:21 (opposed to הָעֹלָה הִיא לְמָ֑עְלָה; read חֲיֹרדת, הַעֹלָה, with Vrss, see VB).
  j. figurative יֹרֵד בַּבֶּ֑כִי Isa 15:3 going down (dissolving) in tears (|| יְיֵלֵיל; compare 3 c).
  k. = be prostrated, absolute, of horses and riders Hag 2:22, compare Isa 34:7, perhaps also Jer 48:15; Jer 50:27 (+ לַטָּ֑בַח); forest Isa 32:19; Zech 11:2 city Deut 20:20; Lam 1:9 wall Deut 28:52 nation תֵּרֵד מַ֫טָּה מָ֑טָּה Deut 28:43 (opposed to עלה); מַצֵּבוֺת Ezek 26:11 + לָאָרֶץ (where Co ויחרדו).
2. of divine manifestations: descend, of ׳י in theoph. [על ההר֑]יָרַד עָלָיו בָּאֵשׁ ׳י Exod 19:11; Exod 19:18 (E), vExod 19:20 (J; אֶלרֿאֹשׁ הָהָר), compare Neh 9:13 צְבָאוֺת לִצְבּאֹ עַלהַֿרצִֿיּוֺן ׳יֵרֵד י Isa 31:4 absolute Gen 11:5; Gen 11:7; Gen 18:21; Exod 3:8 (all J), Num 11:17 (JE), 2Sam 22:10 = Ps 18:10 (compare Ps 144:5), Mic 1:3; Isa 63:19; Isa 64:2 וַיֵּרֶד בֶּעָנָן ׳י Exod 34:5; Num 11:25, compare Num 12:5 (all J E); of pillar of cloud Exod 33:9 (JE); מִי עָלָהשָֿׁמַיִם וַיֵּרַ֓ד Prov 30:4 of angels on סֻלָּם; עֹלִים וְיֹרְדִים בּוֺ Gen 28:12 (E).
3. of inanimate things:
  a. hail with עַל person Exod 9:19 (J); dew with עַל location Num 11:9 (JE), Ps 133:3 rain (as אָבָק and עָפָר), followed by מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם + על person Deut 28:24, so in simile of future king יֵרֵד כְּמָטָר עַלגֵּֿז Ps 72:6 of גְּשֶׁם and שֶׁלֶג, with מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם Isa 55:10 manna (with עַל location) Num 11:9 (JE); fire from (מִן) heaven 2Kgs 1:10 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 1:12 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 1:14; 2Chr 7:1, absolute 2Chr 7:3.
  b. waters, flowing down הַנַּחַל הַיֹּרֵד מִןהָֿהָר Deut 9:21, compare Josh 3:13 (followed by מִלְמָ֑עָלָה), vJosh 3:16 followed by עַליַֿם הָעֲרָבָה vJosh 3:16 עַלהָֿעֲרָבָה Ezek 47:8 followed by מִן Ezek 47:1.
  c. tears, פַּלְגֵימַֿיִם יָָֽרְדוּ עֵינָ֑י Ps 119:36, and so Lam 3:48 also עֵינִי יֹרְדָה מַיִם Lam 1:16, and so Jer 9:17; Jer 13:17; Jer 14:17 (compare also Isa 15:3, 1 j).
  d. of oil descending upon (על) beard, etc. Ps 133:2 (twice in verse).
  e. of shadow on dial 2Kgs 20:11 = Isa 38:8 (twice in verse). feminine of boundary going down (from or to a place) Josh 16:3 (JE), elsewhere P, Num 34:11 (twice in verse); Num 34:12; Josh 15:10; Josh 16:7; Josh 17:9; Josh 18:13; Josh 18:16.
  g. come down, absolute of headdresses, in sign of humiliation Jer 13:18.
  h. pride of power Ezek 30:6.
  i. of calamity ׳מֵאֵת י Mic 1:12 עַלדְֿקְדוֺ חֲמָסוֺ יֵרֵד Ps 7:17 of sword descending on (על) Edom Isa 34:5.
  j. figurative of words of talebearer; יָ˜רְדוּ חַדְרֵיבָּֿ֑טֶן Prov 18:8 = Prov 26:22. — See also above 1 k.

Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine singular הוֺרִד 2Kgs 16:17 וְהוֺרִיד consecutive Amos 3:11 (We וְהוּרַד); 2 masculine singular וְהוֺרַדְתָּ֫ 1Kgs 2:9 2 feminine singular suffix הוֺרַדְתֵּנִי Josh 2:18 (see Baern. and Köi. 412); הוֺרִידוּ 1Sam 6:15; Lam 2:10 etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיּוֺרֶד Judg 7:5 + 5 t. (+ 1Kgs 6:32 Klo, who reads וַיֹּרֶד for וַיָּרֶד, see רדד); suffix יוֺרִידֵנִי Obad 1:3 יוֺרִדֵהוּ 1Sam 30:16; 1Kgs 17:23 וַיֹּרִדֵם 1Kgs 18:40 2 masculine singular וְלֹא תּוֺרֵד 1Kgs 2:6 suffix (הֲ)תוֺרִדֵנִי 1Sam 30:15, תּוֺרִדֵם Ps 55:24 etc.; Imperative masculine singular הִוֺרֵד Exod 33:5 + 2 t.; suffix הוֺרִדֵהוּ Ezek 32:18 הוֺרִידֵמוֺ Ps 59:12 feminine singular הוֺרִידִי Lam 2:18 masculine plural הוֺרִידוּ Gen 43:7; Gen 43:11 suffix הוֺרִדֻהוּ Gen 44:21 Infinitive construct לְהוֺרִיד Gen 37:25 suffix הוֺרִדִי Ezek 31:16 Participle מוֺרִיד 1Sam 2:6 מֹרִיד 2Sam 22:48 — cause to come or go down:

1. a. bring down (to Egypt), with accusative of person + שָׁ֫מָּה Gen 39:1 (J); + הֵ֫נָּה Gen 45:13 (E); + אֵלַי Gen 44:21 absolute Gen 43:7 with accusative of thing Gen 43:11 + מִצְרַ֫יְמָה Gen 37:25 absolute Gen 43:22 (all J); from Canaan to desert Deut 1:25 (followed by אֵלֵינוּ); to (אֶל) Amalekites 1Sam 30:15 (twice in verse); absolute v1Sam 30:16 bring down (object person or thing) אָלהַֿמַּיִם Judg 7:4; Judg 7:5 אֶלנַֿ֫חַל Deut 21:4; 1Kgs 18:40 יָ֫מָּה 1Kgs 5:23 to Gaza (עַזָּ֫תָה) Judg 16:21 from Jerusalem to Gihon, with עַל (Qr אֶל) 1Kgs 1:33 to valley of Jehosh. (אֶל) Joel 1Kgs 4:2 from (מִן) temple (to king's house) 2Kgs 11:19 = 2Chr 23:20 from (מֵעַל) altar 1Kgs 1:53 from (מִן) upper chamber, followed by הַבַּ֫יְתָה 1Kgs 17:23 from (מִן) the heavens Amos 9:2 Edom, from (מִן) nest in rocks Jer 49:16; Obad 1:4 compare of Israel כְּעוֺף הַשָּׁמַיִם Hos 7:12 with accusative of limit (אֶרֶץ) Obad 1:3 bring down (from Babylon) into (בְּ) ships Isa 43:14 (see VB).
  b. send down rain (הַגֶּשֶׁם) Ezek 34:26, compare Joel 2:23 = cause to flow down, object spittle, וַיּוֺרֶד רִירוֺ אֶלזְֿקָנוֺ 1Sam 21:14 tears הוֺרִידִי כַנַּחל דִּמְעָה Lam 2:18 water-streams וַיּוֺרֶד כַּנְּהָרוֺת מָ֑יִם Ps 78:16.
  c. = lay prostrate, prostrate הוֺרִיד מִמֵךְ עֻזֵּךְ Amos 3:11 (where however We reads וְהוּרַד), compare Prov 21:22 וְאוֺרִיד כַּאבִּיר יוֺשְׁבִים Isa 10:13 of God's casting down peoples Ps 56:8; Isa 63:6 (followed by לָאָרֶץ); מוֺרִיד עַמִּים תַּחְתֵּנוּ 2Sam 22:48 (וַּיַּדְבֵּר in || Ps 18:48); so perhaps Babylonians, like lambs, לִטְבֿוֺחַ Jer 51:40 so Ps 59:12 (si vera lectio; ᵑ6 וַהֲנִידֵמוֺ make them vagabonds, see LagProph. Chald. (1872), xlviii. VB Hup Now Che Bae Dr2Sam 15:20).
  d. bring down to She'ôl מֵמִית וּמְחַיֶּ֑ה מוֺרִיד שְׁאוֺל וַיָּ֑עַל׃ ׳י 1Sam 2:6 followed by שְׁא(וֺ)ל also 1Kgs 2:6; 1Kgs 2:9 followed by שְׁא֫וֺלָה (object grey hair) Gen 42:38; Gen 44:29; Gen 44:31 (all J); compare Ezek 26:30; Ezek 31:16; Ezek 32:18 followed by לִבְאֵר שַׁחַת Ps 55:24 לַשַּׁחַת Ezek 28:8.
2. take down (from cart) 1Sam 6:15 the sea from upon (מֵעַל) the brazen oxen 2Kgs 16:17 corpse from (מִן) tree Josh 8:29, and (מֵעַל) Josh 10:27 (both J E); the מִשְׁכָּן Num 1:51 (P); the פָּרֹכֶת Num 4:5 (P); take off ornaments מֵעָלֶיךָ Exod 33:5 (JE).
3. let down וַתֹּ֫רֶד כַּדָּהּ עַליָֿדָהּ Gen 24:18, so, with מֵעָלֶיהָ vGen 24:46, to give one a drink; וַיּוֺרִדוּ אִישׁ אֶתאַֿמְתַּחְתוֺ אָ֑רְצָה Gen 44:11 (all J); object person Josh 2:18, בַּחֶבֶל בְּעַד הַחַלּוֺן vJosh 2:15 (both J E); בְּעַד הַחַלּוֺן 1Sam 19:12 compare also הוֺרִידוּ לָאָרֶץ ראֹשָׁן בְּתוּלֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַם Lam 2:10 the virgins of Jerusalem have bowed down their heads to the ground.

Hoph`al Perfect הוּרַד Gen 39:1 + 2 t. + 1Sam 30:34 Kt (Qr Qal Participle); וְהוּרַד consecutive Zech 10:11 2 masculine singular וְהוּרַדְתָּ֫ Ezek 31:18 Imperfect 2 masculine singular תּוּרַד Isa 14:15 —

1. be brought down מִצְרַ֫יְמָה Gen 39:1 (J); בַּמִּלְחָמָה 1Sam 30:24 Kt (see above); to She'ôl הוּרַד שְׁאוֺל גְּאוֺנֶ֖ךָ Isa 14:11 (of king of Babylon); אֶלשְֿׁאוֺל תּוּרַד אֶליַֿרְכְּתֵיבֿוֺר vIsa 14:15 וְהוּרַדְתָּ֫ אֶלאֶֿרֶץ תַּחְתִּית Ezek 31:18 וְהוּרַד גְּאוֺן אַשּׁוּר Zech 10:11. — In Amos 3:11 We reads וְהוּרַד ממך (see Hiph`il above)
2. be taken down, of the מִשְׁכָּן Num 10:17 (P).

down, descended, descend, went, come, …
yārad
to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); causatively, to bring down (in all the above applications)
  • to go down, descend, decline, march down, sink down
    • (Qal)
      • to go or come down
        • "to sink"to be prostrated"to come down (of revelation)
      (Hiphil)
      • to bring down
        • "to send down"to take down"to lay prostrate"to let down
      (Hophal)
      • to be brought down
        • "to be taken down

שְׁא֛וֹל
שְׁא֛וֹל
Root word a name — transliterate it ("To the grave")
Dictionary form: שְׁאוֹל · sheh-OLE

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: to the grave
hell ×11 to the grave ×10 of hell ×6 in the grave ×4 into hell ×4 of the grave ×4 the grave ×4 to hell ×3
More options
the grave — Neutral, widely understood; best for death/burial contexts.
the realm of the dead — Captures the underworld sense without theological baggage.
the underworld — Emphasizes cosmic/mythological dimension; good for poetry.
Sheol — Transliteration; preserves Hebrew concept untranslated for precision.
the pit — Vivid, concrete image; suits lament or descent imagery.
death — Functional equivalent when context stresses finality over place.

BDB8371 H7585

BDB8370 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8372

שְׁאָ֫לָה Isa 7:11 see שְׁאוֺל

1. below

BDB8375 H7585

BDB8374 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8376

שְׁאוֺל, שְׁאֹל noun femininePs 86:13 (apparently masculine Job 26:6 compare Isa 14:9, see AlbrZAW xvi(1896), 51) She®°ôl, underworld (√ dubious; שׁאל, i.e. palce of inquiry (reference to necromancy) JastrAmos. Jsem. Lang. xiv. 170. cf JBL xix (1900), 88 ff. (JeremLebenn. d. Tode 109 'Ort der Entscheidung'); Thes BöDe Inf. § 158 Di and others compare √ שׁעל, whence שֹׁעַל hallow hand, etc.; ׳שׁ then = hallow place, 'Hölle', hell; other conjectures see HupPs. 66 DeIsa 5:14 BeerBibl. Hades in HoltzmannFestgabe,1902, 15; most now refrain from positive etymology (e.g. Buhl); Old Aramaic שאול, Syriac ; Assyrian šu-alu is dubious: so reads and interprets Dlpa 121, Prol.47. 145 JastrAmos. J. Semitic Lang. xiv. 165 ff. Ency. Bibs.v.; opposed to by BertinTSBA viii. 269 JenKosmol.223 ff. ZimKAT 3. 636 and others; see also Muss-ArnJBL xi (1892), 169 and references); — always absolute, שְׁאוֺל Deut 32:22 + 52 t.,הָ֯ Gen 42:38; Ps 9:18 שְׁאֹל 1Kgs 2:6; Job 17:16, הָ֯ Gen 37:35 + 7 t.; + Isa 7:11 (so read for שְׁאָ֫לָה Aq Σ Θ Du Che and now most); —

1. the underworld, תַּחְתִּית ׳שׁ Deut 32:22, מִתַּחַת Isa 14:9 מִ֑טָּה ׳מִשּׁ Prov 15:24 || מָוֶת Prov 5:5; Prov 7:27; Song 8:6; Ps 89:49 whither men descend at death, Gen 37:35 (E), Gen 42:38; Gen 44:29; Gen 44:31 (J), 1Sam 2:6; 1Kgs 2:6; 1Kgs 2:9; Job 7:9; Job 21:13; Isa 14:11; Isa 14:15; Ps 88:4, and Korah and associates go down alive by ׳י's judgment, Num 16:30; Num 16:33 (J), compare Ps 55:16 under mountains and sea Job 26:6 (compare vJob 26:5), ׳בֶּטֶן שׁ Jonah 2:3 (compare v.Jonah 2:7); with bars Job 17:16 (si vera 1.: see ᵐ5 Du); ׳פִּי שׁ Ps 141:7 ׳שַׁעֲרֵי שׁ Isa 38:10 personified Isa 28:15; Isa 28:18 (|| מות). as insatiable monster Isa 5:14; Hab 2:5; Prov 1:12; Prov 27:20; Prov 30:16 as said (figurative) to have snares, ׳חֶבְלֵי שׁ Ps 18:6 = 2Sam 22:6 compare ׳מְצָרֵי שׁ Ps 116:3 opposed to (height of) שָׁמַיִם Amos 9:2; Job 11:8; Ps 139:8 + (opposed to לְמָ֑עְלָה) Isa 7:11 (see above); dark, gloomy, without return Job 17:13 (compare vJob 17:16; Job 7:9; Job 10:21; Job 16:22 all being alike Job 3:17-19; Job 21:23-26 ); without work or knowledge or wisdom according to Eccl 9:5; Eccl 9:6; Eccl 9:10 (compare Job 14:21, and see רְפָאִים below רפה; yet compare Isa 14:9f.).
2. condition of righteous and wicked distinguished in ׳שׁ (later than 1Sam 28, especially inWisdom Literature):
  a. wicked יָשׁוּבוּ לִשְׁא֑וֺלָה Ps 9:18, ׳יִדְּמוּ לִשׁ Ps 31:18 death is their shepherd, without power and honour they waste away Ps 49:15 (twice in verse); ׳שׁ consumes them as drought water Job 24:19 righteous dread it because no praise or presence of God there (as in temple) Ps 6:6 (compare Ps 88:5), Isa 38:18 deliverance from it a blessing Ps 30:4; Ps 86:13; Prov 23:14. In Ezek. ׳שׁ is land below, place of reproach, abode of uncircumcised Ezek 31:15; Ezek 31:16; Ezek 31:17; Ezek 32:21; Ezek 32:27
  b. righteous shall not be aban-doned, ׳לשׁ Ezek 16:10 (|| שַׁחַת q. v.; opposed to אִרַח חַיִּים etc., vEzek 16:11, compare Ezek 17:15), is ransomed from ׳שׁ Ezek 49:16 (compare Ezek 73:23; Ezek 73:25; Isa 57:1; Isa 57:2); compare Job's expectation and desire Job 14:13; Job 17:13 (compare Job 10:21; Job 19:25f.).
3. later distinction of places in ׳שׁ:
  a. depths of ׳שׁ for sensualist Prov 9:18.
  b. וַאֲבַדּוֺן ׳שׁ Prov 25:11, see אֲבַדּוֺן. [שַׁחַת and בּוֺר, q. v., when || ׳שׁ, are usually in bad sense(Ps 88:4); probably = pit in ׳שׁ, > ׳שׁ itself as pit; words at least prepare for local distinctions of post-Biblical Judaism and NT.]
4. ׳שׁ figurative of extreme degradation in sin Isa 57:9 as place of exile for Israel Hos 13:14 (twice in verse) (compare Isa 26:19).

hell, grave, pit, graves
šĕʾôl
hades or the world of the dead (as if a subterranean retreat), including its accessories and inmates
  • sheol, underworld, grave, hell, pit
    • the underworld
      • "Sheol—the Old Testament designation for the abode of the dead
      • place of no return
        • "without praise of God"wicked sent there for punishment"righteous not abandoned to it"of the place of exile (figuratively)"of extreme degradation in sin

גְּאוֹנֶ ךָ
גְּאוֹנֶ
Root word pride, excellency, majesty, pomp, swelling, …
ךָ
Suffix — pronoun your / you (one man)
Dictionary form: גָּאוֹן · ɡaw-ONE

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: thy pomp
the pride ×6 and the pride ×4 the excellency ×4 of his majesty ×3 pride ×3 and his pride ×2 and the pomp ×2 excellency ×2
More options
pride — Most common rendering; fits both positive and negative contexts.
arrogance — Use when the connotation is clearly negative or sinful.
majesty — Best for divine or royal grandeur; elevated register.
splendor — Highlights glorious, awe-inspiring beauty or magnificence.
pomp — Emphasizes ostentatious display; often carries ironic tone.
swelling — Literal sense; suits flooding waters or surging pride imagery.

BDB1400 H1347

BDB1399 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1401

גָּאוֺן noun masculineHos 5:5 exaltation — Job 40:10 + 5 t.; construct גְּאוֺן Lev 26:19 + 31 t.; suffix גְּאוֺנְךָ etc. Exod 15:7 + 9 t.; plural suffix גְּאוֺנָ֑יִךְ Ezek 16:56 —

1. exaltation, majesty, excellence,
  a. of nations, their wealth, power, magnificence of buildings, e.g. Egypt Ezek 32:12, Chaldeans Isa 13:11; Isa 13:19; Isa 14:11, Philistines Zech 9:6, Assyria Zech 10:11, Jacob Ps 47:5; Amos 6:8; Amos 8:7; Nah 2:3, Israel Hos 5:5; Hos 7:10 (probably appellation of ׳י), Nah 2:3, Judah Jer 13:9, Jerusalem vJer 13:9; Ezek 16:56 גְּאוֺן עֻזָּהּ pride of her strength Ezek 30:6; Ezek 30:18; Ezek 33:28 גאון עזים Ezek 7:24 (but ᵐ5 Ew Hi Co read עזם); גאון עזכם Lev 26:19; Ezek 24:21 the fruit of land of Judah will become לגאון ולתפארת majestic and beautiful Isa 4:2 גאון כל צבי the majesty of all the splendour (of Tyre) Isa 23:9 Zion is to become גאון עולם an everlasting excellency Isa 60:15.
  b. of God Exod 15:7; Isa 24:14; Mic 5:3 הֲדַר גְּאֹנוֺ Isa 2:10; Isa 2:19; Isa 2:21 יַרְעֵם בְּקוֺל גְּאוֺנוֺ Job 37:4 עֲדֵה נָא גָּאוֺן וָגֹבַהּ Job 40:10.
  c. גאון הירדן majesty of Jordan, referring to the green and shady banks, clothed with willows, tamarisks, and cane, in which the lions made their covert Jer 49:19; Jer 50:44; Zech 11:3, and therefore dangerous Jer 12:5 (Ew thinks of the swelling of its agitated waters); גְּאוֺן גַּלֶּיךָ majesty of thy waves Job 38:11.
2. pride (bad sense) Job 35:12; Ps 59:13; Prov 8:13; Prov 16:18; Ezek 7:20; Ezek 16:49; Zeph 2:10 of Moab Isa 16:6 (twice in verse) = Jer 48:29 (twice in verse).

pride, excellency, majesty, pomp, swelling, …
gāʾôn
the same as H1346
  • exaltation, majesty, pride
    • majesty, exaltation, excellence
      • of nations
        • "of God"of the Jordan
      pride, arrogance (bad sense)

הֶמְיַ֣ת
הֶמְיַ֣ת
Root word noise
Dictionary form: הֶמְיָה · hem-YAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: and the noise
and the noise ×1
More options
noise — Broadest, most neutral modern equivalent.
roar — Prefer for loud, overwhelming crowd or water sounds.
din — Suits chaotic, oppressive background noise.
clamor — Emphasizes vocal, agitated human noise.
tumult — Captures disorderly, surging commotion.
uproar — Strong register; good for sudden, intense outbursts.

BDB2191 H1998

BDB2190 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2192

[הֶמְיָה] noun feminine sound, music, of instruments הֶמְיַת נְבָלֶ֑יךָ Isa 14:11.

noise
hemyâ
sound
  • sound, music (of instruments)

נְבָלֶ֑י ךָ
נְבָלֶ֑י
Root word psalteries, psaltery, bottle, bottles, viol, …
ךָ
Suffix — pronoun your / you (one man)
Dictionary form: נֶבֶל · neh-BEL

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: of thy viols
with psalteries ×6 psalteries ×3 and a bottle ×2 and psalteries ×2 bottle ×2 of thy viols ×2 psaltery ×2 the psaltery ×2
More options
harp — Best modern equivalent for the ancient stringed instrument.
lyre — Preferred in many modern Bible translations for this instrument.
jug — Use when נֶבֶל refers to a clay or ceramic vessel.
jar — Slightly more formal vessel sense; good for storage containers.
flask — Use for smaller, portable liquid-carrying vessels.
stringed instrument — Broader term when exact instrument type is uncertain.

BDB4948 H5035

BDB4947 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4949

I. נֵ֫בֶל noun masculineJer 13:12

1. skin-bottle, skin;
2. jar, pitcher; — נֵ֫בֶלabsolute 1Sam 10:5 +; construct v1Sam 10:3 + (on נֶכֶל see Baer1Sam 1:24); —
1. skin of wine, נֵ֫בֶל יַיִן 1Sam 1:24; 1Sam 10:3; 2Sam 16:1, compare also Jer 13:12 (twice in verse); plural נִבְלֵי יַיִן 1Sam 25:18 : figurative נִבְלֵי שָׁמַיִם Job 38:37 i.e. clouds (|| שְׁחָקִים).
2. earthen jar, pitcher: figurative of connections of Eliakim כְּלֵי נְבָלִים Isa 22:24 נִבְלֵיהֶם יְנַפֵּ֑צוּ Jer 48:12 (|| כֵּלִים יָרִיקוּ) in figure of Moab (compare Ps 2:9); נִבְלֵיתֶֿרֶשׂ Lam 4:2 simile of men of Judah (|| מַעֲשֵׂה יְדֵי יוֺצֵר); simile of destruction of Judah, שֵׁבֶר נֵ֫כֶל יוֺצְרִים Isa 30:14.

BDB4949 H5035

BDB4948 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4950

II. נֵ֫בֶל, נֶ֫בֶל noun masculinePs 57:9 a musical instrument, either a portable harp, or a lute, guitar (with bulging resonance-body at lower end); (perhaps = 1. נֵבֶל, and then shape seems to favour lute; perhaps independent word, e.g. Egyptian loan-word, compare nfr, lute, WeHpt 222); — absolute נֵ֫בֶל 1Sam 10:5 + 3 t., נֶ֫בֶל Ps 71:22 + 3 t.; נָ֑בֶל Amos 6:5 + 2 t.; plural נְבָלִים 2Sam 6:5 + 4 t.; suffix נְבָלֶיךָ Amos 5:23; Isa 14:11 — harp (or lute), played at feasts and religious ceremonies, probably less simple, cheap and common than כִּנּוֺר (q. v.; often named with ׳נ): — as mark of luxury, revelry Amos 5:23; Amos 6:5; Amos 14:11, so Amos 5:12 (תֹּף חָלִיל ׳כִנּוֺר נ), also (not in bad sense) 1Kgs 10:12 played by wandering band of prophets 1Sam 10:5 (list as Isa 5:12); in worship 2Sam 6:5 elsewhere only Psalms, Chronicles, always in worship: Ps 57:9; Ps 81:3; Ps 92:4; Ps 108:3; Ps 150:3 כְּלִי נֶבֶל Ps 71:22 עָשׂוֺר ׳נ a harp with ten strings Ps 33:2; Ps 144:9; 1Chr 13:8; 1Chr 15:16; 1Chr 15:20; 1Chr 15:28; 1Chr 16:5 (כְּלֵי נְבָלִים), 1Chr 25:1; 1Chr 25:6; 2Chr 5:12; 2Chr 9:11; 2Chr 20:28; 2Chr 29:25; Neh 12:27. — compare further BenzArchaeology 273 ff. NowArchaeology i..273 ff. DrAmos 234 ff. WeHpt 222 ff.

psalteries, psaltery, bottle, bottles, viol, …
nebel
a skin-bag for liquids (from collapsing when empty); hence, a vase (as similar in shape when full)
  • a skin-bag, jar, pitcher
    • skin-bottle, skin
      • "jar, pitcher (earthen)
    harp, lute, guitar, musical instrument

תַּחְתֶּ֙י ךָ֙
תַּחְתֶּ֙י
Preposition under, stead, for, instead, place, …
ךָ֙
Suffix — pronoun your / you (one man)
Dictionary form: תַּחַת · ta-HAHT

Preposition

In the KJV here: under
under ×138 in his stead ×70 for ×51 and under ×20 from under ×20 instead of ×13 beneath ×12 instead ×11
More options
under — Default spatial sense; below or beneath something.
beneath — Slightly more emphatic or literary than 'under'.
instead of — Substitution sense; one thing replacing another.
in place of — Substitution sense; slightly more formal than 'instead of'.
because of — Causal sense; use when context implies consequence or reason.
in exchange for — Commercial or reciprocal contexts; stresses equivalence.

BDB9138 H8478

BDB9137 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB9139

תַּחַת noun [masculine] the under part (Arabic id.), hence as adverb accusative and preposition underneath, below, instead of (so Arabic , Sabean תחת, Ethiopic Phoenician תחת (Lzb385); Biblical Aramaic ᵑ7, תְּחוֺת, Palmyrene in מן לתחת Tariff Gen 1:4 (Cooke320), Syriac ); —

1. as adverb accusative Gen 49:25 (= Deut 33:13) the deep רֹבֶצֶת תָּ֑חַת that coucheth beneath; more usually with מִן, מִתָּחַת literally off (מִן 1 c) the under part = beneath, Exod 20:4 (= Deut 5:8) בָּאָרֶץ מִתָּ֑חַת (so Deut 4:39; Josh 2:1l 1Kgs 8:23 [both D2], Isa 51:6), Deut 33:27; Judg 7:8; Amos 2:9; Isa 14:9; Job 18:16; Ezek 47:1b II. as preposition; so construct, and with suffix (usually in the plural, and so literally in the parts underneath) תַּחְתַּי Hab 3:16+, חַתֵּנִי (compare בַּעֲדֵנִי, עוֺדֶנִּי: Ges«GKC:103d»§ 103d) 2Sam 22:37; 2Sam 22:40; 2Sam 22:48 (Ps 18:37; Ps 18:40; Ps 18:48 תַּחְתָּ֑י); תַּחְתֶּיךָ; תַּחְתָּיו (Kt תַּחְתּוֺ 2Sam 2:23; 2Sam 3:12; 2Sam 16:8; Job 9:13), תֵּחְתֶּיהָ Lev 13:23 + 16 t., תַּחְתֶּ֫נָּה (compare אֵינֶנָּה, עוֺדֶנָּה) Gen 2:21 תַּחְתֵּינוּ 1Sam 14:9; Ps 47:4 תַּחְתֵּיהֶם Josh 2:14; Amos 2:13 תַּחְתֵּיהֶם Num 16:31; 1Kgs 20:24; 1Chr 4:41; 1Chr 5:22; 2Chr 12:10 (for תַּחְתָּם 1Kgs 14:27), תַּחְתָּם Deut 2:12 + 10 t., תַּחְתֵּקהֶן Jer 28:13 —
1. under, beneath, Gen 7:19 הַשָּׁמַיִם תַּחַת כָּלֿ under the whole heaven (so Deut 2:25; Deut 4:19; Job 28:24; Job 37:3; Job 41:3; Dan 9:12), Dan 18:4 הָעֵץ ׳ת, Dan 21:15; Dan 24:2 + often; Job 30:14 שׁוֺאָה ׳תּ under the crash they roll themselves against me; הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ ׳ת Eccl 1:3; Eccl 1:9; Eccl 1:13 + often Ecclesiastes (so in Phoenician, Cooke4. 7; 5. 12). With לְ 2Chr 4:3 תַּחַת לוֺ, Song 2:6 = Song 8:3 לְראֹשִׁי ׳ת. Idiomatic
  a. תַּחַת הָהָר at the foot of the mountain, Exod 24:4; Deut 4:11, so Deut 3:17 ׳אַשְׁדֹּת הַפִּסְגָּה ת Josh 11:3; Josh 11:17 +; figurative Ps 18:37 תַּחְתָּ֑י תַּרְחִיד אְעָדַי thou broadenest mysteps under me, Job 36:15 רַחַב לאֹ מוּצָק תַּחְתֶּיךָ (so read for תחתיה, Di Bu) breadth unstraitened is beneath thee.
  b. ׳הַלָּשׁוֺן ת, of something held there as a dainty morsel, and ready, when needed, to be brought out, figurative of sweetness Song 4:11, of evil Ps 10:7 ׳לְשֹׁנוֺ עָמָל וָאָוֶן ת, Job 20:12 (so שְׁפָתֵימוֺ ׳ת Ps 140:4), of praise Ps 66:17 לְשֹׁנוֺ ׳וְרוֺמַם ת (synonym בִּגְרוֺנָם Ps 149:6).
  c. ׳תַּחַת פ:
   (a) of subjection, Ps 18:40 תַּחְתָּ֑י תַּכְּ רִיעַ קָמַי, vPs 18:48 (compare Ps 47:4; Ps 144:2), Ps 45:6; Job 9:13.
   (b) of a woman, אִישָׁתּ ׳ת, i.e. under his authority, Num 5:19; Num 5:20; Num 5:29, so Ezek 23:5 תַּחְתַּי being under me = being mine (figurative of Israel as ׳י's spouse), compare ὕπανδρος Rom 7:2, and Qor 66:10.
   (c) of being burdened or oppressed under, Isa 24:5 the earth יָֽשְׁבֶיהָ ׳הָֽנְפָה ת, Prov 30:21 שָׁלוֺשׁ רָגְזָה אֶרֶץ ׳ת, vProv 30:22 vProv 30:23; Hab 3:7 אָיֶן ׳ת i.e. (si vera 1.) suffering under calamity.
  d. ׳יַד פ ׳ת, of authority or control, Gen 41:35 יַד פַּרְעֹה ׳וְיִצְבְּרוּ בָר ת; Judg 3:30 (compare Ps 106:42), 1Sam 21:4; 1Sam 21:5 (strike out אֶל; dittograph חֹל), v.1Sam 21:9; Isa 3:6.
  e. ׳רַגְלֵי פ ׳ת, of subjection or conquest, Ps 8:7 רַגְלָיו כֹּל ׳שַׁתָּה ת, Ps 18:39; Ps 47:4; Lam 3:34, compare Mal 3:31.
2. what is under one, the place in which one stands: hence as accusative,
  a. with reflexive pronoun, idiomatic, in one's place, where one stands, Exod 16:29 תַּחְתָּיו שְׁבוּ אִישׁ abide every one in his place, Lev 13:23; Lev 13:28; Josh 5:8; Josh 6:5; Josh 6:20; Judg 7:21; 1Sam 14:9 וְעָמַדְנוּ תַחְתֵּינוּ we will remain where we are, 2Sam 2:23 וַיָּמָת תַּחְתָּו he died where he was (compare Jer 38:9 [read וּמֵת]), Jer 7:10; Isa 25:10; Isa 46:7; Amos 2:13; Hab 3:16 וְתַחְתַּי אֶרְגָּ֑ז I tremble where I stand, Zech 12:6; Zech 14:10; Job 36:20; Job 40:12 תַּחְתָּם
  b. in transferred sense, in place of, instead of: (a) Gen 2:18; Gen 4:25 הֶבֶל ׳ת instead of Abel, Gen 22:13 בְּנוֺ ׳ת, Gen 30:2 אלהיס אנכי ׳הֲת (compare Gen 50:19), Gen 44:33; 2Sam 19:1 + often; Job 16:4; Isa 3:24; Isa 55:13; Isa 61:3; Isa 61:7 of one succeeding to the place of another, תַּחְתָּיו וַיִּמְחֹ Gen 36:33-49 1Kgs 8:20; 1Kgs 11:43; 1Kgs 14:20 + often, Deut 2:12; Deut 2:21 וַיֵָּֽשְׁבוּ תַחְתָּם, Lev 16:32; 1Kgs 2:35 +; Ps 45:17 in place of thy fathers (whom thou mayest therefore forget) will be thy children. compare in Ph CISi.3.9 (Cooke30). Sq. infinitive Isa 60:15 הֱיוֺתֵח ׳ת instead of thy being . . . Peculiarly Job 34:26 (si vera lectio)= as if they were, like; but text very dubious; Bi Bu תָּחֵת חֲמָתוֺ רְשָׁעִ֑ים his wrath breaketh in pieces the wicked. (b) in particular, of things mutually interchanged, in place of, in exchange or return for: Gen 30:15 דּוּדָאֵי בְנֵח ׳ת in return, for thy son's love-apples, Exod 21:23) גֶפְשׁlife for life, vExod 21:24 vExod 21:25 vExod 21:26 vExod 21:27 vExod 21:36 v.Exod 22:37, Josh 2:14 נַפְשֵׁנוּ תַחְתֵּיכֶם לָמוּת, 1Sam 2:20; 1Kgs 20:39 נפשׁו ׳נפשׁך ת, v1Kgs 20:42 (compare 2Kgs 10:24), 2Kgs 21:2; Isa 43:3; Isa 43:4 often with verbs of requiting, Gen 44:4 טוֺבָם ׳לָ֫מּה שִׁלַּמְתֶּם רָעָה ת why have ye rewarded evil in exchange for good ? 1Sam 25:21; 2Sam 16:12; 2Sam 19:22; Ps 35:12 טוֺבָה ׳יְשַׁלְּמוּנִי דָעָה ת, Ps 38:21a; Ps 109:4; Ps 109:5; Prov 17:3 +; Jer 5:19 תַּחַת מֶה in return for what? (compare עַלמֶֿה Jer 22:8; Deut 29:23; 1Kgs 9:8). So followed by infinitive Ps 38:21b.
3. as conjunction: a. תַּחַת אֲשֶׁר:
   (a) instead of that (German. anstatt dass), Deut 28:62 הֱיִיתֶם ׳א ׳ת instead of that ye were..., instead of your being.., Ezek 36:34. (b) in return for (the fact) that, because that (ᵐ5 ἀνθ’ ὧν Amos 1:3 + often), Num 25:13 ׳אֲשֶׁר קִנָּא לא ׳ת, Deut 21:14; Deut 22:29; Deut 28:47; 1Sam 26:21; 2Kgs 22:17 = 2Chr 34:25; Isa 53:12; Jer 29:19; Jer 50:7; 2Chr 21:12.
  b. תַּחַת כִּי Deut 4:37 (but ? read : וֶַ˜תּחִי as end of vDeut 4:36), Prov 1:29. compare עֵקֶב אֲשֶׁר (כִּיׅ. III compounds: —
1. אֶלתַּֿחַת, after a verb of motion:
  a. (in) under, Judg 6:19 וַיּוֺצֵא אֶלֿ הָאֵלָה ׳ת, 1Kgs 8:6 (|| 2Chr 5:7), Jer 3:6; Jer 38:11 (on 1Sam 21:5 see II. 1 d); after קָרָא Zech 3:10: so ׳לְ ׳אֶלתֿ Ezek 10:2.
  b. into the place of, Lev 14:42.
2. מִתַּחַת (= ὑπ’ ἐκ):
  a. alone, from under, from beneath as מִתַּחַת הַשָּׁמַיִם Gen 1:7, and especially after such verbs as שִׁחֵת Gen 6:17, מָחֶה Exod 17:14; Deut 9:14; Deut 25:19; Deut 29:19; 2Kgs 14:27, הֶאֲבִיד Deut 7:24, compare Lam 3:66; Ezek 47:1 a מִפְּתַּן ׳מִתּ הַבַּיִת, Prov 22:27 לָ֫מָּה יִקַח מִשְׁכָּֽבְּךָ מִּתַּחְתֶּיךָ; Exod 6:6; Exod 6:7 סִבְלוֺת מִצְרַיִם ׳מִתּ, Hos 4:12 אֱלֹהֵיהֶם ׳וַיִּזְנוּ מִתּ (compare II. 1 c a, b); ׳יַד פ ׳מִתּ (compare II. 1 d) from under the hand (power) of ... Exod 18:10; 2Kgs 8:20; 2Kgs 8:22; 2Kgs 13:5; 2Kgs 17:7 +; מִתַּחְתָּיו (compare II. 2 a) from his place Exod 10:23; Zech 6:12. Rarely = תַּחַת or ׳מִתַּחַת לְ, Gen 1:9 (P) Ezek 1:8; Ezek 42:9; Ezek 46:23; Job 26:5.
  b. ׳מִתַּחַת לְ (opposed to ׳מִמַּעַל לְ) under, beneath: Gen 1:17 ׳הַמַּיִם אֲשֶׁר מִתּ לָרָקִיעַ, Exod 20:4 הַמַּיִם מִתַּחַת לָאָרֶץ (so Deut 4:18; Deut 5:8), Judg 3:16 לְמַדָּיו ׳מִתּ, Jer 38:12 +; of locality, Gen 35:8 לְבֵיתְאֵל ׳מִתּ, 1Sam 7:11; 1Kgs 4:12.
  c. ׳לְמִתַּחַת לְ ( compare מִן 9 b), id quod ׳מִתַּחַת לְ 1Kgs 7:32.

BDB9998 H8460 H8478 H8479

BDB9997 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9999

תְּחוֺת preposition under (Biblical Hebrew תַּחַתּ; ᵑ7 תְּחוֺת, Syriac , , adverb ; Palmyrene מן לתחת Cooke320); — Dan 7:27 תְּחוֺת כָּלשְֿׁמַיָּא (compare Biblical Hebrew II. 1); in plural with suffix (as Biblical Hebrew, Syriac, ᵑ7) Dan 4:9 תְּחֹתֹהִי (so ᵑ7Onk Lev 15:10: Dalm§ 47, 2), vLev 15:18. With מִן, Jer 10:11 מִן תְּחוֺת שְׁמַיָּא (compare Biblical Hebrew III. 2); suffix Dan 4:11 מִןתַּֿחְתּוֺהִי (the form as Syriac adverb above, unless a Hebraizing punct.).

under, stead, for, instead, place, …
taḥat
the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc
  • the under part, beneath, instead of, as, for, for the sake of, flat, unto, where, whereas
    • (n m) the under part
      • "(adv accus) beneath"(prep) under, beneath
      • at the foot of (idiom)
        • "sweetness, subjection, woman, being burdened or oppressed (figuratively)"of subjection or conquest
      what is under one, the place in which one stands
      • in one's place, the place in which one stands (idiom with reflexive pronoun)
        • "in place of, instead of (in transferred sense)"in place of, in exchange or return for (of things mutually interchanged)
      (conj) instead of, instead of that"in return for that, because that in compounds"in, under, into the place of (after verbs of motion)"from under, from beneath, from under the hand of, from his place, under, beneath

יֻצַּ֣ע
יֻצַּ֣ע
Root word spread, bed, lay
Dictionary form: יַצַע · ya-TSA

Verb — Hophal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine singular causative passive — "he was made to do" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: is spread
and to spread ×1 if i make my bed ×1 is spread ×1 lay ×1
More options
spread out — Most versatile; suits bedding, coverings, or surfaces.
make a bed — Idiomatic for preparing a sleeping place.
lay down — Good for placing flat objects or a body at rest.
arrange — Emphasizes deliberate, orderly placement.
set out — Slightly formal; suits ritual or ceremonial contexts.

BDB3667 H3331

BDB3666 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3668

[יָצַע] verb Hiph`il lay, spread, late (Ges«GKC:71»§ 71; Aramaic יְצַע Pa`el, Aph`el id., also expound, 'auslegen;' Arabic is put or lay (down, on a place, etc.), but = Aramaic ע) —

Hiph`il Imperfect יַצִּיעַ Isa 58:5 אַצִּ֫יעָה Ps 139:8 lay, spread out, followed by accusative שׂק ואפר Isa 58:5 שׁאול Ps 139:8 if I spread out Sh®°ôl (as my couch). Hoph`al Imperfect יֻצַּע (Pu`al Perfect De Di and others) be laid, spread; subject שׂק ואפר Esth 4:3 subject רִמָּה worm, as couch for king of Babylon Isa 14:11.

spread, bed, lay
yaṣaʿ
to strew as a surface
  • to spread out, make a bed
    • (Hiphil) to lay, spread out
      • "(Hophal) to be laid, be spread out

רִמָּ֔ה
רִמָּ֔ה
Root word worm, worms
Dictionary form: רִמָּה · rim-MAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: the worm
and the worms ×1 him the worm ×1 that is a worm ×1 the worm ×1 there any worm therein ×1 to the worm ×1 with worms ×1
More options
worm — Most direct rendering; fits poetic and literal contexts.
maggot — Biologically precise; preferred when decay or death is in view.
grub — Softer term; suits contexts emphasizing smallness or lowliness.
larva — Clinical register; useful in scientific or explanatory footnotes.

BDB7966 H7415

BDB7965 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7967

רִמָּה noun feminine worm (cause and sign of decay); — absolute ׳ר Exod 16:24 (P), Isa 14:11 (|| תּוֺלֵעָה), Job 7:5; Job 17:14; Job 21:26; Job 24:20 all indicate corruption, feeding on dead, etc.; hyperb. of insignificant man Job 25:6 (|| תּוֺלֵעָה).

worm, worms
rimmâ
a maggot (as rapidly bred), literally or figuratively
  • maggot, worm (as cause and sign of decay)

וּ מְכַסֶּ֖י ךָ
וּ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
מְכַסֶּ֖י
Root word clothing, cover, covered, covereth
ךָ
Suffix — pronoun your / you (one man)
Dictionary form: מְכַסֶּה · meh-kahs-SEH

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: cover thee
and that which covereth ×1 clothing ×1 cover thee ×1 that which covered thee ×1
More options
covering — Most versatile; suits physical and figurative contexts.
cover — Verbal noun; prefer when action is emphasized.
clothing — Use when the covering is specifically garments or attire.
garment — More concrete; good for tangible, wearable coverings.
wrap — Implies enveloping; suits cloaks or draped coverings.
concealment — Prefer in figurative contexts of hiding or shielding.

BDB4112 H4374

BDB4111 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4113

מְכַסֶּה noun masculineIsa 23:18 covering; — ׳מ Lev 9:19; Isa 23:18 suffix מְכַסֵּךְ Ezek 27:7 plural suffix מְכַסֶּיךָ Isa 14:11 of fat covering (the inwards) Lev 9:19 worms, covering the dead Isa 14:11, deck of a ship Ezek 27:7 (Co Kajütenwand); garment Isa 23:18.

clothing, cover, covered, covereth
mĕkasse
a covering, i.e., garment; specifically, a coverlet (for a bed), an awning (from the sun); also the omentum (as covering the intestines)
  • covering, that which covers

תּוֹלֵעָֽה
תּוֹלֵעָֽה
Root word scarlet, worm, worms, crimson
Dictionary form: תּוֹלָע · toh-LAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: thee and the worms
and scarlet ×4 a worm ×1 am a worm ×1 like crimson ×1 of scarlet ×1 scarlet ×1 the worms ×1 thee and the worms ×1
More options
scarlet — Best for color contexts; most recognizable modern rendering.
crimson — Richer, deeper red; suits poetic or vivid passages.
worm — Biological sense; prefer in shame, mortality, or plague contexts.
scarlet dye — Clarifies the dye-source meaning when material craft is in view.
maggot — More visceral than 'worm'; suits decay or judgment imagery.
grub — Technical; highlights the insect larva that produces the red dye.

BDB9176 H8438

BDB9175 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB9177

I. תּוֺלָע noun [masculine] worm, scarlet stuff (dyed with the coccus ilicis, see שָׁנִי ThatcherHast. DB COLOURS); —

1. worm, only plural תּוֺלָעִים in stale manna Exod 16:20 (P).
2. scarlet stuff, absolute singular תּוֺלָ Isa 1:18 (in sim || שָׁנִים; opposed to צֶמֶר); token of luxury Lam 4:5.

BDB9179 H8438

BDB9178 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB9180

תּוֺלֵעָה, תּוֺלַ֫עַת40 noun feminine worm; — absolute תּוֺלֵעָה Isa 14:11; Job 25:6 תּוֺלַעַת Isa 41:14 +, תּוֺלָ֑עַת Deut 28:39; Num 19:6 construct תּוֺלַ֫עַת Exod 25:4 +; suffix תּוֺלַעְתָּם Isa 66:24 —

1. worm, grub, vine-weevil Jonah 4:7; Deut 28:39 (collective); devouring the dead Isa 14:11 (collective: || רִמָּה), Isa 66:24 (collective) symbol of insignificance Isa 41:14; Job 25:6 (|| רִמָּה), Ps 22:7.
2. elsewhere (P) specif + שָׁנִי (q. v.), of the coccus ilicis yielding scarlet colour: ׳שְׁנִי (הַ)תּ Lev 14:4; Lev 14:6; Lev 14:49; Lev 14:51; Lev 14:52; Num 19:6 of crimson stuff שָׁנִי ׳בֶּגֶד ת Num 4:8 usually תְּכֵלָת וְאַרְגָּמָן ׳(הַ)שָּׁנִי וגו ׳שְׁנִ Exod 25:4; Exod 26:1 + 24 t. Exodus.

scarlet, worm, worms, crimson
tôlāʿ
a maggot (as voracious); specifically (often with ellipsis of H8144) the crimson-grub, but used only (in this connection) of the color from it, and cloths dyed therewith
  • worm, scarlet stuff, crimson
    • worm—the female ___%___coccus ilicis___%___ (Kermes ilicis)
      • "scarlet stuff, crimson, scarlet
      • the dye made from the dried body of the female of the worm ___%___coccus ilicis___%___ (Kermes ilicis)
    worm, maggot
    • worm, grub
      • "the worm ___%___coccus ilicis___%___ (Kermes ilicis)

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
הוּרַ֥ד שְׁא֛וֹל Tevir — a lesser break גְאוֹנֶ֖ךָ Tipeha — a lesser break הֶמְיַ֣ת נְבָלֶ֑יךָ Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here תַּחְתֶּ֙יךָ֙ Pashta — a lesser break יֻצַּ֣ע רִמָּ֔ה Zaqef Qatan — a strong break וּמְכַסֶּ֖יךָ Tipeha — a lesser break תּוֹלֵעָֽה Silluq — end of the verse

הוּרַד שְׁאוֹל גְאוֹנֶךָ הֶמְיַת נְבָלֶיךָ תַּחְתֶּיךָ יֻצַּע רִמָּה וּמְכַסֶּיךָ תּוֹלֵעָֽה׃
11
Thy pomp is brought down to the grave, and the noise of thy viols: the worm is spread under thee, and the worms cover thee.
Cross References

Daniel 5:25

וּדְנָה כְתָבָא דִּי רְשִׁים מְנֵא מְנֵא תְּקֵל וּפַרְסִֽין׃
25
And this is the writing that was written, MENE, MENE, TEKEL, UPHARSIN.

Isaiah 22:2

תְּשֻׁאוֹת׀ מְלֵאָה עִיר הֽוֹמִיָּה קִרְיָה עַלִּיזָה חֲלָלַיִךְ לֹא חַלְלֵי-חֶרֶב וְלֹא מֵתֵי מִלְחָמָֽה׃
2
Thou that art full of stirs, a tumultuous city, a joyous city: thy slain men are not slain with the sword, nor dead in battle.

Job 17:13

אִם-אֲקַוֶּה שְׁאוֹל בֵּיתִי בַּחֹשֶׁךְ רִפַּדְתִּי יְצוּעָֽי׃
13
If I wait, the grave is mine house: I have made my bed in the darkness.

Ezekiel 32:19

מִמִּי נָעָמְתָּ רְדָה וְהָשְׁכְּבָה אֶת-עֲרֵלִֽים׃
19
Whom dost thou pass in beauty? go down, and be thou laid with the uncircumcised.

Job 24:19

צִיָּה גַם-חֹם יִגְזְלוּ מֵֽימֵי-שֶׁלֶג שְׁאוֹל חָטָֽאוּ׃
19
Drought and heat consume the snow waters: so doth the grave those which have sinned.

Daniel 5:1

בֵּלְשַׁאצַּר מַלְכָּא עֲבַד לְחֶם רַב לְרַבְרְבָנוֹהִי אֲלַף וְלָקֳבֵל אַלְפָּא חַמְרָא שָׁתֵֽה׃
1
Belshazzar the king made a great feast to a thousand of his lords, and drank wine before the thousand.

Revelation 18:11

Καὶ οἱ ἔμποροι τῆς γῆς κλαίουσιν καὶ πενθοῦσιν ἐπ' αὐτῇ ὅτι τὸν γόμον αὐτῶν οὐδεὶς ἀγοράζει οὐκέτι
11
And the merchants of the earth shall weep and mourn over her; for no man buyeth their merchandise any more:

Amos 6:3

הַֽמְנַדִּים לְיוֹם רָע וַתַּגִּשׁוּן שֶׁבֶת חָמָֽס׃
3
Ye that put far away the evil day, and cause the seat of violence to come near;

Isaiah 66:24

וְיָצְאוּ וְרָאוּ בְּפִגְרֵי הָאֲנָשִׁים הַפֹּשְׁעִים בִּי כִּי תוֹלַעְתָּם לֹא תָמוּת וְאִשָּׁם לֹא תִכְבֶּה וְהָיוּ דֵרָאוֹן לְכָל-בָּשָֽׂר׃
24
And they shall go forth, and look upon the carcases of the men that have transgressed against me: for their worm shall not die, neither shall their fire be quenched; and they shall be an abhorring unto all flesh.

Ezekiel 26:13

וְהִשְׁבַּתִּי הֲמוֹן שִׁירָיִךְ וְקוֹל כִּנּוֹרַיִךְ לֹא יִשָּׁמַע עֽוֹד׃
13
And I will cause the noise of thy songs to cease; and the sound of thy harps shall be no more heard.

Isaiah 21:4

תָּעָה לְבָבִי פַּלָּצוּת בִּֽעֲתָתְנִי אֵת נֶשֶׁף חִשְׁקִי שָׂם לִי לַחֲרָדָֽה׃
4
My heart panted, fearfulness affrighted me: the night of my pleasure hath he turned into fear unto me.

Job 21:11

יְשַׁלְּחוּ כַצֹּאן עֲוִילֵיהֶם וְיַלְדֵיהֶם יְרַקֵּדֽוּן׃
11
They send forth their little ones like a flock, and their children dance.

Mark 9:43

Καὶ ἐὰν σκανδαλίζῃ σε ἡ χείρ σου ἀπόκοψον αὐτήν· καλόν σοι ἐστίν κυλλὸν εἰς τὴν ζωὴν εἰσελθεῖν ἢ τὰς δύο χεῖρας ἔχοντα ἀπελθεῖν εἰς τὴν γέενναν εἰς τὸ πῦρ τὸ ἄσβεστον
43
And if thy hand offend thee, cut off: it it is better for thee to enter into life maimed, than having two hands to go into hell, into the fire that never shall be quenched:
Isaiah 14:10
Read Isaiah 14
Isaiah 14:12