BDB854 H854
BDB853 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB855
II. אֵת, preposition with — with makkeph אֶתֿ, with suffix אִתִּי, אִתְּךָ, אִתְּכֶם etc. (also, however, אוֺתְךָ, אוֺתוֺ, and similarly מֵאוֺתְךָ, מֵאוֺתוֺ etc.), first in Josh 10:25; Josh 14:12, next 2Sam 24:24 then repeatedly (but not exclusively) 1 Ki 20 — 2 Ki 8, & in Jeremiah, Ezekiel, e.g. 1Kgs 20:25 (but v1Kgs 20:23 אִתָּם) 1Kgs 22:7; 1Kgs 22:8; 1Kgs 22:24 (beside מֵאִתִּי) 2Kgs 1:15; 2Kgs 3:11; 2Kgs 3:12; 2Kgs 3:26; 2Kgs 6:16 (beside מֵאִתּוֺ) 2Kgs 8:8; Jer 2:35; Jer 10:5; Jer 16:8; Jer 19:10; Jer 20:11; Ezek 2:6; Ezek 10:17; Ezek 23:23; Ezek 37:26 (see below 1 d; also Isa 59:21, contr. Gen 17:4: on שָׁכַב אֹתָהּ Gen 34:2 and elsewhere, see below שָׁכַב, & compare DrSm ii. 13, 14) preposition denoting proximity (synonym עִם; Phoenician את, e.g. CISi. 3, 8 לא יכן לם משכב את רפאם let there not be for them a resting-place with the shades; Assyrian itti (perhaps akin to ittu 'side,' DlPr 115 Hpt KAT2. 498; but compare NöZMG '86, 738 f.). Not found as yet in the other cognate languages: but compare Ethiopic 'enta, towards, which supports the view; that אֵת is for 'int [compare תֵּת, תִּתִּי], perhaps from √ אנה to meet Olp. 431 PrätZMG '73, 643 LagM i. 226).
1. Of companionship,
together with: Gen 6:13 behold, I destroy them
אֶתהָֿאָרֶץ together with the earth,
Gen 11:31;
Gen 12:4 + often, especially with
verbs of dwelling, abiding, going, etc., as
Judg 1:3;
Judg 14:11;
Judg 19:4, & in the phrase
הָעָם אֲשֶׁר אִתּוֺ Judg 4:13;
Judg 7:1;
Judg 9:33;
Judg 9:48;
1Sam 14:20;
1Sam 30:4 etc.; thou, and thy sons
אִתָּֽךְ ׃ ֗֗֗ with thee Gen 6:18 similarly (3rd person)
Gen 7:7;
Gen 7:13;
Gen 8:18;
Gen 9:8 and elsewhere (character of
P:
DrIntr 124);
הִתְהַלֵּךְ אֶתהָֿאֱלֹהִים to walk
with God, i.e. to have him as a companion (that is, by adopting a course of life pleasing to him)
Gen 5:22;
Gen 5:24;
Gen 6:9 (compare
הִתְהַלֵּךְ אֵת literal
1Sam 25:15); —
by the side of, like Isa 45:9,
equally with Lev 26:39,
in common with Jer 23:28b (compare
עִם 1 e, f). Hence, in particular —
a. with for the purpose of help:
Num 14:9 אִתָּנוּ ׳וי,
Josh 14:12 (
אוֺתִי, as
Jer 20:11)
Judg 1:19;
2Kgs 6:16;
2Kgs 9:32 מִי אִתִּי מִי who is
on my side, who ?
כִּי אִתְּךָ אֲנִי Isa 43:5;
Jer 1:18;
Jer 1:19 +;
Isa 63:3;
Ps 12:5 our lips are
with us, on our side; in the phrase
אֵת ׳(הָֽיְתָה) יַד פּ 2Sam 14:19;
2Kgs 15:19;
Jer 26:24 נָשָׂא אֵת to bear
together with, i.e. to assist
Exod 18:22;
Num 11:17. Exceptionally, =
with the help of: Gen 4:1 for I have gotten a man
׳אֶתיֿ with the help of ׳י (compare
עם 1Sam 14:45)
Gen 49:25 (where, however, the parallelism, &
ᵑ7 ᵑ6 ⅏ favour
וְאֵל שַׁדַּי for
וְאֵת שַׁדַּי)
Mic 3:8 compare
Esth 9:29.
b. beside (German
neben):
Gen 39:6 לֹא יָדַע אִתּוֺ מְאוּמָה he knew not
with him,
beside him, aught (i.e. Joseph managed everything), v
Gen 39:8;
Exod 20:23 לֹא תַעֲשׂוּן אִתִּ֑י ye shall not make (aught)
beside me.
c. beside = in the presence of (rare):
Gen 20:16b and
before all thou shalt be righted,
Isa 30:8;
Mic 6:1. In this sense
׳אֶתפְּֿנֵי פּ is more frequently, see below
פָּנִים d. of intercourse of different kinds
with another, e.g. after verbs of making a covenant or contract, or (less often) of speaking or dealing: (
α)
Gen 9:9;
Gen 15:18;
Gen 17:4 (
Ezek 16:60;
Isa 59:21 -
אוֺת)
Josh 10:4;
1Kgs 3:1 etc.; compare
1Sam 2:13 (but here
הַכֹּהֵן מֵאֶתֿ is probably to be read with
ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7 Ke We etc., compare
Deut 18:3). (
β)
Gen 17:3;
Gen 42:30 דִּבֶּר אִתָּנוּ קָשׁוֺת,
1Kgs 8:15;
Ps 109:2, & especially in Jeremiah and Ezekiel (as
Jer 1:16;
Jer 4:12 [
Jer 52:9 אִתּוֺ]
Jer 5:5;
Jer 12:1;
Ezek 2:1;
Ezek 3:22;
Ezek 3:24;
Ezek 3:27;
Ezek 14:4;
Ezek 44:5 — all -
אוֺת);
Gen 24:49 to perform kindness
אֵת (
עִם is here more genl.),
2Sam 16:17 זֶה חַסְדְּךָ אֶתרֵֿעֶךָ֑,
Ruth 2:20;
וְאַתָּה עשֶֹׁה אִתִּי רָעָה,
Deut 1:30;
Deut 10:21;
1Sam 12:7 b, (-
אוֺת)
Jer 21:2;
Jer 33:9;
Ezek 7:27;
Ezek 16:59;
Ezek 22:14;
Ezek 23:25;
Ezek 23:29;
Ezek 39:24 absolute
Ezek 17:17;
Ezek 20:44;
Ps 109:21;
Zeph 3:19 (
γ) in a pregnant sense, (in dealing)
with, i.e.
towards (rare):
Isa 66:14;
Ps 67:2 יָאֵר פָּנָיו אִתָּנוּ make his face to shine
with (= toward) us (varied from
אֶל Num 6:25)
Deut 28:8 faithful
with Ps 78:8 (compare v
Ps 78:37 נָכוֺן עִם);
Ezek 2:6 (
אוֺתָ֑ךְ);
Judg 16:15 וְלֹבְּךָ אֵין אִתִּי. (
δ) often with verbs of fighting, striving, contending, as
Gen 14:2;
Gen 14:8;
Gen 14:9;
Num 20:13;
Isa 45:9 a
Isa 50:8;
Ps 35:1;
Prov 23:11 with
בָּא בְמִשְׁפָּט Ps 143:2 (
Isa 3:14 and elsewhere
עִם).
2. Of localities, especially in the phrase
אֲשֶׁר אֵת describing a site:
Judg 3:19;
Judg 4:11 אֲשֶׁר אֶתקֶֿדֶשׁ which is
near Kedesh,
1Kgs 9:26;
2Kgs 9:27 (compare
עם 2, which is commoner in this sense);
Ezek 43:8;
Exod 33:21 הִנֵּה מָקוֺם אִתִּי. Perhaps, anomalously,
1Sam 7:16 at or
by all those places (but see
Dr); in
2Sam 15:23 עַלפְּֿנֵי דֶרֶךְ אֶתהַֿמִּדְבָּר,
אֵת =
towards is against analogue: read with
ᵐ5L עַלפָּֿנָיו דֶּרֶךְ הַזַּיִת אֲשֶׁר בַּמִּדְבָּר;
1Kgs 9:25 אִתּוֺ beside it (that is, the altar); but
עָלָיו 1Kgs 13:1 etc. would be idiomatic, & for
אִתּוֺ אֲשֶׁר Klo proposes plausibly
אֶתאִֿשֹּׁוֺ (see
Exod 30:20).
3. ׳אֵת פּ denotes specially,
a. in one's possession or keeping:
Gen 27:15;
Gen 30:29 thou knowest
אֵת אֲשֶׁר הָיָה מִקְנְךָ אִתִּי ֗֗֗ how thy cattle fared
with me, v
Gen 30:33;
Lev 5:23;
Lev 19:13;
Deut 15:3;
Judg 17:2;
1Sam 9:7 מָה אִתָּנוּ = what
have we ? 1Sam 25:29;
Isa 49:4 my right is
with Jehovah (contr.
Isa 40:27),
Jer 8:8;
Ps 38:11 the light of mine eyes also
אֵין אִתִּי i.e. is gone from me,
Prov 3:28;
Prov 8:18 in his power,
Jer 10:5 הֵיטֵיב אֵין אוֺתָם is not
in their power, perhaps
Ps 12:5. A dream, or the word of
׳י, is said to be
אֵת with a prophet,
2Kgs 3:12;
Jer 23:28;
Jer 27:18. Metaph. of a mental quality,
Prov 11:2;
Prov 13:10.
b. in one's knowledge or memory:
Isa 59:12 פְּשָׁעֵינוּ אִתָּנוּ our transgressions are
with us, i.e. present to our minds (||
וַעֲוֺנֹתֵינוּ יְדַעֲנוּם),
Job 12:3 אֶתמִֿיאֵֿין כְּמוֺאֵֿלָּה with whom are not (i.e. who
knoweth not ?
τίς οὐ σύνοιδε;) things like these ?
Job 14:5 אִתָּךְ i.e. known to thee,
Prov 2:1;
Gen 40:14;
Jer 12:3 (
Ew Gf towards thee, as
1 d γ). So
אִםיֵֿשׁ אֶתנַֿפְשְׁכֶם Gen 23:8 [
2Kgs 9:15 ׳נ alone],
אֶתלְֿבָבְךָ 2Kgs 10:15. compare
עם 4 b, which is more frequent in this sense.
4. מֵאֵת (
מֵאִתִּי, etc.; also -
מֵאוֺת)
from proximity with (like Greek
παρά with a genitive, From
de chez; in Syriac, Arabic
,
corresponding synonym
מֵעִם; see below): coupled almost always with
persons (contrast
מֵעִם,
a). Thus
a. with
קָנָה to buy
Gen 25:10 + often (compare
Gen 17:27);
לָקַח Gen 42:24;
Exod 25:2;
Lev 25:36;
Num 17:17 + often;
נָשָׂא Ps 24:5 שִׁלַּח, as
Gen 8:8 וַיְשַׁלַּח אֶתהַֿיּוֺנָה מֵאִתּוֺ and he sent forth the dove
from with him Gen 26:27 הָלַךְ Gen 26:31;
1Kgs 18:12;
1Kgs 20:36;
Jer 9:1, of a wife deserting her husband
Judg 19:2 וַתֵּלֶךְ מֵאִתּוֺ,
Jer 3:1 (compare
Isa 57:8); with simile words
Gen 38:1;
Deut 2:8;
1Kgs 11:23;
Jer 2:37 (see
Exod 5:20);
Isa 54:10;
Ps 66:20 with
שָׁאַל Judg 1:14;
1Kgs 2:16;
Ps 27:4 +,
דָּרַשׁ 1Kgs 22:7 and elsewhere,
שָׁמַע 1Sam 2:23. —
׳מֵאֵת פְּנֵי פּ Gen 27:30;
Gen 43:34;
Exod 10:11;
Job 2:7;
Lev 10:4 (
הַקֹּדֶשׁ),
2Kgs 16:14 (
הַבַּיִת). Hence
b. of rights or dues, handed over
from, given
on the part of, any one:
Gen 47:22 חֹק מֵאֵת פַּרְעֹה; often in
P, as
Gen 23:20;
Exod 27:21 a perpetual due
מֵאֵת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל from, or
on the part of, the children of Israel,
Lev 7:34 b
Lev 24:8;
Num 3:9;
Num 7:84 +;
Deut 18:3;
1Sam 2:13 (
ᵐ5, etc.; see
1 d)
2Sam 15:3 וְשֹׁמֵעַ אֵיןלְֿךָ מֵאֵת הַמֶּלֶךְ but there is none to hear thee
deputed of the king,
1Kgs 5:14.
c. expressing origination:
1Kgs 1:27 אִם מֵאֵת אֲדֹנִי הַמֶּלֶךְ נִהְיָה. Especially
׳מֵאֵת י — of a concrete object proceeding
from him:
Gen 19:24 (brimstone),
Num 11:31 (a wind),
Num 16:35 (fire),
1Sam 16:14 (evil spirit),
Isa 38:7 (a sign),
Jer 51:53 (wasters),
Mic 5:6 (dew); of wrath
Zech 7:12 (compare
Num 17:11), teaching
Isa 51:4, the word of prophecy
Jer 7:1 (so
Jer 11:1;
Jer 18:1 + often in Jeremiah)
Jer 37:17;
Ezek 33:30 with 'have I (we) heard'
Isa 21:10;
Isa 28:22;
Jer 49:14 (=
Obad 1:1); of an event, or phase of history
Josh 11:20 הָֽיְתָה ׳מֵאֵת י it came of ׳י to...,
1Kgs 12:24;
Hab 2:13;
Ps 118:23 הָֽיְתָה זאֹת ׳מֵאֵת י (
ᵐ5 παρὰ Κυρίου)
Ezra 9:8;
Neh 6:16 of trouble (
רָעָה)
2Kgs 6:33;
Mic 1:12 (
יָרַד); of a good or evil lot, having its source in
׳י Jer 13:25;
Isa 54:17;
Ps 109:20, compare
Job 2:10;
Ps 22:26 מֵאִתְּךָ תְהִלָּתִי from thee cometh my praise (thou art the source of it);
Isa 44:24 Qr מֵאִתִּי of myself (compare
ἀπ’ ἐμαυτοῦ John 5:30 Kt is
מִי אִתִּי who was with me ?),
John 54:15 אֶפֶס מֵאוֺתִי not
at my instance (compare
לֹא מִנִּי John 30:1,
לֹא מִמֶּנִּי Hos 8:4).
d. of a place
1Kgs 6:33 (corrupt: read with
ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9 [partly]
מְזוּזֹת רְבֻעוֺת, & compare
Ezek 41:21).