Numbers 19:21

וְ הָֽיְתָ֥ה

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

הָֽיְתָ֥ה

Root word be, pass, was, were, came, …

Dictionary form: הָיָה · haw-YAW

Verb — Qal, Sequential Perfect (Weqatal), third person feminine singular simple action — "he did" carries the story forward — try "and he will ___" the built-in subject is "she (or it)"

In the KJV here: and it shall be

and it came to pass ×336 shall be ×333 was ×233 be ×174 came ×133 were ×117 and it shall come to pass ×97 and it shall be ×92

More options

be — Default copula; suits timeless or stative contexts.

become — Prefer when a change of state or transformation is implied.

happen — Fits narrative events; modernizes 'come to pass'.

occur — Formal register; good for reported events or incidents.

exist — Emphasizes being or presence rather than action.

take place — Idiomatic for scheduled or unfolding events.

BDB2100 H3068 H3069 H1961 H430 H589 H2022 H6635

יהוה_{c. 6823} i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel — (

1. ᵑ0 יְהוָֺה^C518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה₃₀₅ (Qr אֱלֹהִים), in the combinations אדני יהוה & יהוה אדני (see אֲדֹנֶי), and with preposition בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה (Qr בַּאדֹנָי, לַאדֹנָי, מֵאדֹנָי), do not give the original form. ᵐ5 and other Vrss follow the Qr. On the basis of Exod 20:7; Lev 24:11 יהוה was regarded as a nomen ineffabile (see Philo^{de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529}), called by the Jews הַשֵּׁם and by the Samaritans שׁימא. The pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520, when it was introduced by Galatinus; but it was contested by Le Mercier, J. Drusius, and L. Capellus, as against grammatical and historical propriety (compare Bö^{§ 88}). The traditional Ἰαβέ of Theodoret and Epiphanius, the יָֿהוּ, יְהוֺֿ of compound proper name and the contracted form יָהּ all favour יַהְוֶךְ (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Ps 74:6 תַּהֲרוּ Isa 33:11), see Lag^{Sym i.14} Baud^{Studien i.179 ff.}; Dr^{Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.} For Jeve see Sta^{ZAW 1881, 346} De^{ib.1882, 173 f. & Gn. Excurs. ii.}

2. on literature of interpretations see Nes^Eg.67 Dr^{l.c. — Many recent scholars explain} יַהְוֶה as Hiph`il of היה (=היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver (compare חַוָּה Gen 3:20) Schr HSch; giver of existence, creator, Kue Tiele; he who brings to pass (so already Le Clerc),performer of his promises, Lag, Nes^Eg.88 (but Nes^{Eg.91 inclines to Qal as} RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev} see below); or from היה he who causes to fall, rain or lightning RS^{OTJC.ed.1, 423; om.ed.2, 245}, compare We^{Skizzen iii.175}; 'Fäller,' destroying foes, Sta^G.i.429 (dubiously). But most take it as Qal of הוה (= היה); the one who is: i.e. the absolute and unchangeable one, Ri; the existing, ever living, as self-consistent and unchangeable, Di; or the one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption, De Oehl; compare also RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev. 1876}, he will be it, i.e all that his servants look for (compare Ew^infr), he will approve himself (give evidence of being, assert his being Dr^l.c.17)).

**Theories of non-Hebrew or non-Semitic origin, opposed (in their older forms) by Bau^{Rel. i. 181 ff. (see especially 230)}; Dl^{Pa 162 ff.} claimed Babylonian origin for יהו, against this Kue^{national Religions, etc., Note iv (Eng. Trans. 329 ff.)} Jastr^{JBL xiil {1894}, 103 f.} compare Hpt^{BAS i. 170 N}; Dl^{Babel u. Bibel, 46 f., 73 f.} makes same claim for יהוה, against this see especially Hirsch^{ZAW xxiil {1903}, 355 ff.} Zim^{KATS. 465 ff.}; Spiegelb^{ZMG:liii {1899}, 633 ff.} proposes (improbable) Egyptian etymology for יהוה; further discussions see in Kö^{EB NAMES, § 112 and n.3}. 'Jehovah' found in Jacob (? Johannes) Wessel († 1480), according to Schw^{ThLZ, 1905, col. 612}.

I. יהוה is not used by E in Genesis, but is given Exod 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb, and is explained thus : אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I shall be with thee (Exod 3:12), which is then implied in אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I shall be the one who will be it vExod 3:14a (i.e: with thee vExod 3:12) and then compressed into אֶהְיֶה vExod 3:14b (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12), which then is given in the nominal form יהוה He who will be it vExod 3:15 (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12). compare Ew^{BTh ii. 337, 338} RS^{l.c., Proph. 385 ff.} Other interpretations are: I am he who I am, i.e. it is no concern of yours (Le Clerc Lag^{Psalt.Hieron.156}); I am (this is my name), inasmuch as I am (אֲשֶׁר = כִּי; AE JDMich We^JD Th xxi, 540 = compare Hexateuch 72); Di and others I am who I am, he who is essentially unnameable, inexplicable, — E uses יהוה sparingly by the side of אלהים and האלהים in his subsequent narrative. The Ephraimitic writers in Judges Samuel Kings use it in similar proportions. P abstains from the use of יהוה until he gives an account of its revelation to Moses Exod 6:3 but subsequently uses it freely. He gives no explanation of its meaning. He represents that אֵל שַׁדַּי was the God of the patriarchs. J uses יהוה from the beginning of his narrative, possibly explaining it, Gen 21:83 by אל עולם, the evergreen tamarisk being a symbol of the ever-living God; compare De Gen 21:33. Elsewhere יהוה is the common divine name in pre-exilic writers, but in post-exilic writers gradually falls into disuse, and is supplanted by אלהים and אדני. In Job it is used 31 t. in prose parts, and Job 12:9 (a proverb); not elsewhere in the poem. Chronicles apart from his sources prefers אלהים and האלהים. Daniel uses יהוה only in chap. 9 (7 t.); Ecclesiastes not at all. In the Elohistic group of Psalm 42-83 it is used 39 t. (see אלהים) . It occurs as the name of Israel's God MI¹⁸. It is doubtful whether it was used by other branches of the Shemitic family, compare COT Gen 2:4b Dl^{Pa 158 ff.} Dr^{Stud. Bib. i. 7 ff}.

II. 1. יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D;
a. with אֱלֹהֶיךָ in the Ten Words Exod 20:2-12 (5 t.) = Deut 5:6-16 in the law of worship of J E, Exod 23:19; Exod 34:24; Exod 34:26 in D 234 t.; Josh 1:9; Josh 1:17; Josh 9:9; Josh 9:24 (D²); elsewhere Gen 27:20; Exod 15:26 (JE), Judg 6:26 Samuel & Kings 20 t.; 1Chr 11:2; 1Chr 22:11; 1Chr 22:12; 2Chr 9:8 (twice in verse); 2Chr 16:7; Isa 7:11; Isa 37:4 (twice in verse); Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 51:15; Isa 55:5; Jer 40:2 + (3t.); Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4; Hos 14:2; Amos 9:15; Ps 81:11.
b. with אֱלֹהֵיכֶם in D 46 t.; D² 28 t.; H 15 t.; P 15 t.; elsewhere Exod 23:25 (E); Exod 8:24; Exod 10:8; Exod 10:16; Exod 10:17 (JE); Judg 6:10; 1Sam 12:12; 1Sam 12:14; 2Kgs 17:39; 2Kgs 23:21; 1Chr 22:18 + (10 t. Chronicles) Ps 76:12; Jer 13:16 + (5 t.) Ezek 20:5; Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Ezek 20:20; Joel 2:13 + (6 t.) Zech 6:15.
c. with אֱלֹהֵינוּ in D 23 t.; in D² 5 t.; Exod 8:6 (JE) Exod 3:18; Exod 5:3; Exod 8:22; Exod 8:23; Exod 10:25; Exod 10:26 (E) Judg 11:24; 1Sam 7:8; 1Kgs 8:57; 1Kgs 8:59; 1Kgs 8:61; 1Kgs 8:65; 2Kgs 18:22; 2Kgs 19:10 = Isa 36:7; Isa 37:20; 1Chr 13:2 + (15 t. Chronicles) Mic 4:5; Mic 7:17; Isa 26:13; Jer 3:22 + (17 t.) Ps 20:8; Ps 90:17 (?;Baer אֲדנָֹי); Ps 94:23; Ps 99:5; Ps 99:8; Ps 99:9 (twice in verse); Ps 105:7; Ps 106:47; Ps 113:5; Ps 122:9; Ps 123:2; Dan 9:10; Dan 9:13; Dan 9:14.
d. with אֱלֹהֵיהֶם Exod 10:7 (J) Exod 29:46 (twice in verse); Lev 26:44 (P) Judg 3:7; Judg 8:34; 1Sam 12:9; 1Kgs 9:9; 2Kgs 17:7; 2Kgs 17:9; 2Kgs 17:14; 2Kgs 17:16; 2Kgs 17:19; 2Kgs 18:12; 2Chr 31:6; 2Chr 33:17; 2Chr 34:33; Neh 9:3 (twice in verse); Neh 9:4; Jer 3:21; Jer 22:9; Jer 30:9; Jer 43:1 (twice in verse); Jer 50:4; Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28; Hos 1:7; Hos 3:5; Hos 7:10; Zeph 2:7; Hag 1:12 (twice in verse); Zech 9:16; Zech 10:6.
e. with אֱלֹהָיו Num 23:21 (E) Exod 32:11 (J) Lev 4:22 (P) Deut 17:19; Deut 18:7; 1Sam 30:6; 1Kgs 5:17; 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 15:3; 1Kgs 15:4; 1Kgs 2:11; 1Kgs 16:2; 1Kgs 2:1 + 13 t. Chronicles; Mic 5:3; Jer 7:28; Ps 33:12; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:5; Jonah 2:2. feminine with אֱלֹהַי Num 22:18 (JE) Deut 4:5; Deut 18:16; Deut 26:14; Josh 14:8; Josh 14:9; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 3:7; 1Kgs 5:18; 1Kgs 5:19; 1Kgs 8:28; 1Kgs 17:20; 1Kgs 17:21; 1Chr 21:17; 1Chr 22:7; 2Chr 2:3; 2Chr 6:19; 2Chr 9:5; Ps 7:2; Ps 7:4; Ps 13:4; Ps 18:29; Ps 30:3; Ps 30:13; Ps 35:24; Ps 40:6; Ps 104:1; Ps 109:26; Isa 25:1; Jer 31:18; Dan 9:4; Dan 9:20; Jonah 2:7; Hab 1:12; Zech 11:4; Zech 13:9; Zech 14:5.
g. with אֱלֹהַיִךְ Isa 60:9; Jer 2:17; Jer 2:19; Jer 3:13; Mic 7:10; Zeph 3:17.
h. with אלהים, probably always due to later editors, or to a Qr which has crept into the text Gen 2:4b — Gen 3:23 (J, 20 t. either אלהים inserted by R^P as Di De; or יהוה inserted by J in an older source); Exod 9:30 (J, but not in ᵐ5 ⅏; Samaritan אדני יהוה; possibly ᵑ0 from earlier Qr, & ⅏ from later Qr); 2Sam 7:22; 2Sam 7:25 (ᵐ5 אדני יהוה and 1Chr 17:20-23 only יהוה); 1Chr 17:16; 1Chr 17:17 (but 2Sam 7:18; 2Sam 7:19 אדני יהוה) 1Chr 28:20; 1Chr 29:1; 2Chr 1:9; 2Chr 6:41 (twice in verse); 2Chr 6:42; 2Chr 26:18 (but in the original Ps 132:8 stood יהוה (so ℌ), or else no divine name); Ps 72:18 (the late doxology) Ps 84:12 (but it makes the line too long); Jonah 4:6. For the combinations with other divine names see those names.

2. the phrase אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy: —
a. after אמר either alone Exod 6:2; Exod 6:29 (P) or before relative and other clauses: Gen 28:13 (J) Gen 15:7 (R) Exod 6:6 (P) with אלהיכם Judg 6:10; Ezek 20:5.
b. after ידע כי (α) Exod 7:17; Exod 8:18; Exod 10:2 (J); Exod 7:5; Exod 14:4; Exod 14:18 (P); 1Kgs 20:13; 1Kgs 20:28; Jer 24:7; Ezek 6:7 + 48 t. Ezekiel; (β) with אלהיכם Exod 6:7; Exod 16:12; Deut 29:5 (P) Exod 20:20; Joel 4:17 (γ) with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 (P) Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28 (δ) before relative and other clauses Isa 45:3; Isa 49:23; Isa 49:26; Isa 60:16; Ezek 7:9; Ezek 17:24; Ezek 21:10; Ezek 22:22; Ezek 35:12; Ezek 36:36 (ε) with various forms of קדשׁ Exod 31:13 (P) Ezek 20:12; Ezek 37:28; Ezek 39:7 (ζ) with דברתי Ezek 5:13; Ezek 17:21, compare ׳יֵדְעוּ אשׁר אני י Ezek 20:26.
c. after כִּי in various combinations Lev 11:44; Lev 11:45; Num 35:34 (P), Lev 20:7; Lev 20:26; Lev 21:8; Lev 21:15; Lev 21:23; Lev 22:16; Lev 24:22; Lev 25:17; Lev 26:1; Lev 26:44 (all H); Exod 15:26 (R) Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 61:8; Jer 9:23; Ezek 12:25; Ezek 21:4; Zech 10:6; Mal 3:6.
d. emphatic Exod 6:8; Exod 12:12; Lev 26:2; Lev 26:45; Num 3:13; Num 3:41; Num 3:45 (all P); Lev 18:5; Lev 18:6; Lev 18:21; Lev 19:12; Lev 19:14; Lev 19:16; Lev 19:18; Lev 19:28; Lev 19:30; Lev 19:32; Lev 19:37; Lev 21:12; Lev 22:2; Lev 22:3; Lev 22:8; Lev 22:30; Lev 22:31; Lev 22:33 (all H) Isa 43:15 with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 with אלהיךָ Isa 48:17 with אלהיכם Lev 23:43; Lev 25:38; Lev 25:55; Num 10:10; Num 15:41 (twice in verse) (P) Lev 18:2; Lev 18:4; Lev 18:30; Lev 19:2; Lev 19:3; Lev 19:4; Lev 19:10; Lev 19:25; Lev 19:31; Lev 19:34; Lev 19:36; Lev 20:24; Lev 23:22; Lev 26:13 (all H) Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Joel 2:27 with מְקַדֵּשׁ Lev 20:8; Lev 22:9; Lev 22:32 (H), with דברתי Num 14:35 (P) Ezek 5:15 + (11 t. Ezekiel); with clauses Isa 27:3; Isa 41:4; Isa 41:17; Isa 42:6; Isa 42:8; Isa 45:5; Isa 45:6; Isa 45:7; Isa 45:8; Isa 45:18; Isa 45:19; Isa 45:21; Isa 60:22; Jer 17:10; Jer 32:27; Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7; Ezek 14:9; Ezek 34:24 אָנֹכִי יהוה is used in the Ten Words Exod 20:2; Exod 20:5 = Deut 5:6; Deut 5:9 cited Ps 81:11; Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4 elsewhere only Exod 4:11 (J) Isa 43:11; Isa 44:24; Isa 51:15.

3. יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh יהוה יראה Gen 22:14 (J); יהוה נסי Exod 17:15 (E) יהוה שׁלים Judg 6:24 יהוה צדקנו Jer 33:16 (compare Jer 23:6 where it is applied to the Messiah); יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה Ezek 48:35. — On combinations such as ׳הַר י, צְבָאוֺת ׳י etc., see הַר, צָבָא, etc.

Note. — Bonk^{ZAW 1891, 126 ff.} seems to shew that as prefix, in compare proper name, יְהוֺ is the oldest and the latest form and that יוֺ is intermediate, belonging to the earlier post-exilic period until the time of Chronicles; occasional copyists' mistakes being taken into the account.

BDB2145 H1961

הָיָה₃₅₇₀ verb fall out, come to pass, become, be (SI¹; SI⁶ היה, ib³ הית; parallel form of הוה, Arabic , Aramaic הֲוָא, ; see הָוָה above) —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular הָיָה Gen 3:1 +; וְהָיָה consecutive Gen 4:14 +; 3 feminine singular הָֽיְתָה Gen 1:2 +; הָיָ֑תָה Isa 14:24 + 3 t.; וְהָֽיְתָה consecutive Gen 9:13 +; והית2Kgs 9:37 Kt (Qr וְהָֽיְתָה); 2 masculine singular הָיִיתָ Deut 5:15 +; 1 singular הָיִיתִיGen 31:40 3 plural הָיוּ Gen 6:4 +; 2 masculine plural הֱיִיתֶ ם Exod 22:20 +; וִהְיִיתֶם consecutive Gen 3:5 +; 1 plural הָיִינוּIsa 1:9 +; etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִהְיֶה Gen 1:29 +; jussive יְהִיGen 1:3 +; יֶהִ֑י Ezek 16:15 וִיהִיGen 1:6 +; וַיְהִי Gen 1:3 +; וַיֶּ֑הִי Ps 33:9; Ezek 16:19 3 feminine singular תִּהְיֶה Gen 21:30 +; 1 singular אֶהְיֶה Exod 3:12 +; וָאֶהְיֶה2Sam 7:6 + 9 t.; וָאֱהִי Judg 18:4 + 12 t.; 3 masculine plural יִהְיוּ Gen 6:19 +; 3 feminine plural תִּהְיֶינָהIsa 16:2 + 19 t.; תִּהְיֶין֣Gen 41:36 + 11 t.; וְתִהְיֶנָה Jer 18:21; Jer 48:6 וַתִּהְיֶינָה 2Sam 20:3 + 6 t.; וַתִּהְיֶיןָGen 26:35; 1Sam 25:43 וַתִּהְיֶנָה 1Chr 7:15 2 masculine plural תִהְיוּ Gen 34:15 +; תִהְיוּן Exod 22:20 1 plural נִהְיֶה Gen 38:23 +; וַנִּהְיֶה2Sam 11:23; Jer 44:17 וַנְּהִי Num 13:33; Isa 64:5, etc.; Imperative masculine singular הֱיֵה Exod 18:19 +; feminine singular הֲיִיGen 24:60 masculine plural הֱיוּExod 19:15; Num 16:16, וִהְיוּ 1Sam 4:9 + 6 t.; Infinitive absolute הָיוֺ Gen 18:18 + 3 t.; הָיֹה 1Kgs 13:32; Ezek 1:3 construct הֱיוֺת Gen 2:18 +, so read probably also for הֱיֵה Ezek 21:15 compare Sm Kö^{i. p. 600 f.} (Co em. היהלֿה to הָהֵל shine, glitter); with prefix בִּהְיוֺת Exod 5:13 +, בִּהְיֹת Exod 19:16 +; לִהְיוֺת Gen 10:8 +, לִהְיֹת Exod 23:1 +; suffix הֱיוֺתִי Jonah 4:2 הֱיוֺתְךָ Judg 18:19 (twice in verse); לִהְיֹתְךָ Deut 26:10, etc.; Participle feminine הוֺיָה Exod 9:3.

I. 1. a. Fall out, happen מֶההָֿיָה הַדָּבָר 1Sam 4:16 how has the matter fallen out, (gone, turned out) ? so 2Sam 1:4 מֶההָֿיָה לוֺ Exod 32:1; Exod 32:23 (both J E) what has happened to him? compare 1Sam 10:12 מִקְרֶה הוּא הָיָה לָנוּ 1Sam 6:9 a chance it is that has befallen us; also וַיְהִילֿוֺ כֵּן 2Kgs 7:20 and so it happened to him, compare וַיְהִיכֵֿן below
b. occur, take place, come about, come to pass: — גְדוֺלָה הָֽיְתָה בָּעָם מַגֵּפָה 1Sam 4:17 a great slaughter has taken place among the people, compare 2Sam 17:9 וַתְּהִי הַמִּלְחָמָה בְּיַעַר אֶפְרַיִם 2Sam 18:6 and the battle took place in the wood of Ephraim (on אפרים compare Klo Dr); Josh 22:17 (P; of plague); תְּהִי נָא אָלָה Gen 26:28 (J) let an oath take place (be taken) so Judg 21:5 compare 2Kgs 17:7 (si vera lectio), Ezek 16:34 especially late, 2Chr 29:36; 2Chr 32:31; Eccl 1:9; Eccl 1:10; Eccl 3:22; Eccl 8:7; Eccl 10:14 etc.; often of fulfilment of prediction, command, expectation, etc.: — כֵּן הָיָה Gen 41:3 (E) so it came to pass, 2Sam 13:25, וַיְהִיכֵֿן Judg 6:38; 2Kgs 15:12; Isa 29:5, & especially וַיְהִיכֵֿן Gen 1:7; Gen 1:9; Gen 1:11; Gen 1:15; Gen 1:24; Gen 1:30 (all P) +; יְהִי כִדְבָרֶ֑ךָ Gen 30:34 let it be as thou sayest, Zech 6:15, see also לֹא תָקוּם וְלֹא יִהְיֶה Isa 7:7 it shall not arise (be realized) & shall not come about, Isa 14:34 (so often בּוֺא q. v. 2 c, p. 98 above)

2. especially & very often, come about, come to pass followed by substantive (subject) clause almost always + modifying (usually temporal) clause or phrase:
a. ( I) וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.) followed by
(a) Imperfect consecutive: a. with Infinitive with כְּ temporal Gen 12:14; Gen 19:17 (both J) + 75 t. + Esth 3:4 Qr (Hexateuch chiefly J, — so always Genesis, — & J E; P only Exod 16:10, D only Deut 5:20; Deut 31:24; Josh 5:1; Josh 9:1 27 t. in Kings), — somewhat different is 2Kgs 7:18 β. with Infinitive with בְּ Gen 4:8; Gen 11:2 (both J) + 29 t. + Esth 3:4 Kt (in Hexateuch 10 t. J E; 3 t. P, Gen 19:29; Exod 34:29; Num 17:7 not in D); γ. with בְּ followed by temporal noun (יוֺם, בֹּקֶר, etc.) Gen 21:22 (E) Gen 26:32 (J) + 45 t. (Hes 14 t. J E; 3 t. P, Exod 6:28; Exod 16:13; Num 7:1 not D); δ. לְ temporal 1Sam 1:20; 2Sam 13:23; 1Kgs 20:26; 1Chr 20:1 ε. כְּ temporal Gen 39:11; 1Sam 25:38 ζ. מִן temporal namely: מֵאָז Gen 39:5, מִיּוֺם 1Sam 7:2 compare 1Sam 30:25, מִיָּמִים Judg 11:4; Judg 15:1, מִקֵּץ Gen 4:3; Gen 8:6 + 6 t., מִקְצֵה Josh 3:2; 2Kgs 8:3; Ezek 3:16, especially מִמָּחֳרָת Gen 19:34; Exod 18:13 + 11 t.; η. כַּאֲשֶׁר temporal Gen 12:11 (J) Gen 20:13 (E) + 31 t. (Hexateuch 13 t. J E, Deut 2:16, not P), characteristic of Nehemiah's memoris, Neh 3:33; Neh 4:1; Neh 4:6; Neh 4:9; Neh 6:1; Neh 6:16; Neh 7:1; Neh 13:19 θ. with כִּי temporal Gen 6:1 (J) Exod 3:21 (E) + 14 t. + Judg 16:25 Kt; ι. אַחֲרֵי temporal Gen 22:20 (J) + 13 t., אַחַר Gen 39:7; Job 42:7, אַחֲרֵיכֵֿן Judg 16:14 + 6 t.; κ. followed by עַד temporal 1Sam 14:19 (on which compare Dr); compare עַדכֹּֿה וְעַדכֹּֿה 1Kgs 18:45 λ. with combinations; as בְּ with temporal noun + בְּ Infinitive Gen 34:25; Exod 19:16; 1Sam 25:37 בְּ Infinitive + כְּ Infinitive Josh 3:14 double preposition כְּמִשְּׁלשׁ חֳדָשִׁים Gen 38:24 מִקְצֵה + אַחֲרֵי אֲשֶׁר Josh 9:16 מִיָּמִים + id. Josh 23:1 μ. other unusual constructions under this head are: those where temporal idea is expressed by a circumstantial clause Isa 22:7; 1Kgs 13:20; 2Kgs 8:21 (Dr^{§ 165, &} Οβς.) = 2Chr 21:9 those with indefinite כֹּל 1Sam 10:11; 2Sam 2:23; 2Sam 15:2, or with participle = rel. clause 1Sam 11:1 (on all see Dr^{§ 78 n.} & Sm); quite unique is 1Kgs 16:31, with הֲנָקֵל ׳לָכְתּוֺ וגוin place of temporal clause
(b) וַיְהִי sometimes followed by simple Perfect, with a negative Gen 39:10 (with כְּ Infinitive), Exod 13:17 (with בְּ Infinitive) 2Kgs 12:7; 2Kgs 17:25 (both with בְּ temporal); & without negative, Gen 8:13 (P) Gen 14:1 +, usually with בְּ temporal (38 t.), Hexateuch chiefly P; rarely with other preposition & adverb as above; note especially מִדֵּי followed by Infinitive 1Sam 18:30; 2Chr 12:11 sometimes the subject of following Perfect precedes it with וְ, as Gen 22:1; Gen 41:1; 1Sam 18:19; 1Sam 30:1; 2Kgs 2:9; 2Kgs 4:40 +; note especially 2Sam 17:27 where several subject & also several objects precede the Perfect (compare Dr); in these cases temporal modifier is occasionally a circumstantial clause 2Sam 13:30; 1Kgs 8:10; 2Kgs 19:37 = Isa 37:38 rarely subject precedes Perfect without וְ 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 21:1, compare subject preceding Participle without וְ Neh 4:10 in 2Chr 8:1 the object (with וְ) precedes what is apparently the principal verb
(c) וַיְהִי followed by וְהִנֵּה Gen 24:15 (J; טֶרֶם in temporal clause), Gen 29:25 (E), Gen 38:27 (J, both בְּ temporal) vGen 38:29 (כְּ Participle), 1Sam 13:10 (כְּ Infinitive); also 2Sam 1:2; 2Sam 13:36; 2Sam 15:32 (circumstantial clause) 2Kgs 2:11 (id.), 2Kgs 3:20; 2Kgs 13:21 (circumstantial clause).
(d) rarely וַיְהִי (in this sense) followed by other constructions: אָז יִתֵּן 1Kgs 9:10 (with מִקְצֵה); Imperfect frequentative 1Kgs 14:28 (with מִדֵּיבּֿאֹ), 2Kgs 4:8 (with מִדֵּי עָבְרוֺ) Jer 36:23 (with כְּ Infinitive); Perfect consecutive frequentative 2Chr 24:11 (with בְּ temporal). (2) rarely also Perfect with וְ conjunctive וְהָיָה (compare Dr^{§ 183}) followed by Imperfect consecutive as subject clause: 1Sam 1:12 (c. several circumstantial clause), 1Sam 10:9 (with כְּ Infinitive) 2Kgs 3:15 (id.), 1Sam 17:48 (with כִּי), Jer 37:11 (with בְּ Infinitive), Amos 7:2 (with אִם temporal); also Jer 3:9 (apparently with מִן causative, but obscure); 1Sam 13:22 (with בְּ temporal) is followed by וְלֹא & Perfect as well as Imperfect consecutive
b. less often וְהָיָה Perfect consecutive and it shall come to pass, or frequentative,came to pass (repeatedly, etc.) usually
(a) followed by simple Imperfect (c. 100 t.): a. with בְּ temporal Deut 21:16; Deut 25:19 + 37 t., (especially בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא Hos 2:18; Hos 2:33; Isa 7:18; Isa 7:21; Isa 7:23 + 21 t.); β. with בְּ local Ezek 47:23; Zech 13:8 compare also Hos 2:1 (בִּמְקוֺם אֲשֶׁר, but perhaps = instead of, compare VB); γ. with indefinite rel. clause, or its equivalents (כֹּל indefinite, etc.), compare Dr^{§ 121}, Obs. 1: Gen 4:14; Num 17:20; Deut 12:11; Deut 18:19; Josh 7:14; Josh 7:15; Judg 7:4; 1Sam 2:36; 1Sam 17:25; 2Sam 15:35; 1Kgs 19:17; 1Kgs 20:6; Isa 4:3; Isa 24:18; Nah 3:7; Jer 27:8; Jer 42:4; Ezek 47:9; Zech 14:17; Joel 3:5 δ. with כַּאֲשֶׁר Num 33:56; Deut 28:63; Josh 23:15; Judg 7:17; Isa 29:8; Jer 31:28; Zech 8:13 ε. less often with other modifying phrase: כְּ Infinitive Exod 33:8; Exod 33:9 (both frequentative), Josh 3:13; Josh 8:8; Jer 25:12; Jer 51:63 בְּ Infinitive Gen 9:14 (P) 2Kgs 4:10; Ezek 44:17 אִם of condition Deut 20:11 (+ vDeut 20:11 Dr^{§ 118 n}.), also Josh 22:18, where the arrangement is peculiar, & the condition is expressed without אִם (compare Dr^{§ 155}); לְ temporal Deut 23:12 מִקֵּץ Isa 23:17 טֶרֶם Isa 65:24 מִדֵּי חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֺ Isa 66:23, etc.
(b) וְהָיָה followed by Perfect consecutive (c. 85 t.): α. most often + clause with כִּי temporal Gen 12:12; Gen 46:33 (both J) Exod 1:10 (E) Deut 11:29; Isa 8:21 + 25 t.; β. with אִם Exod 4:8; Exod 4:9; Num 15:24; Deut 11:13 + 14 t.; also Gen 38:9; Num 21:9 (both frequentative); γ. with בְּ temporal Gen 30:41 (frequentative) Gen 47:24 (but compare Ol Di) Exod 16:5 + 11 t.; δ. with indefinite rel. clause or equivalent (Dr^{§ 121} Obs. 1): Gen 24:14; Num 10:32 (Dr^{§ 118 n}.) Num 21:18; Deut 21:3; Judg 11:31; Judg 19:30; Zech 14:16 ε. occasionally with other modifying phrase: כַּאֲשֶׁר Gen 27:40 +; כְּ Infinitive Gen 44:31 +; בְּ Infinitive Exod 33:22 +; מִקֵּץ 2Sam 14:26 עֵקֶב causative Deut 7:12 also
(c) followed by וְלֹא + simple Imperfect Exod 3:21 (with כִּי temporal).
(d) וְהָיָה followed by Imperative (very rare) Deut 6:10 (with כִּי temporal), 1Sam 10:7 (with כִּי), compare 1Sam 29:10, compare Perfect consecutive in command 1Sam 3:9 (with אִם).
(e) וְהָיָה followed by simple Perfect (also very rare) Deut 8:19 (with אִם).
(f) וְהָיָה followed by clause without verb: Gen 24:43; Josh 2:19; 1Kgs 18:24 (all with indefinite rel. modifier, or equivalents, see
(a) γ,
(b) δ, above).
(g) וְהָיָה (ו conjunctive) followed by Imperfect consecutive see
a.
(e) above

II. Come into being, become: —

1. a. absolute, in lively narrative, arise, appear, come וַתְּהִי צְעָקָה גְדֹלָהExod 12:80 (J) and there arose a great cry in Egypt; וַיְהִיקֿוֺל Ezek 1:25 (strike out Co compare Da), Ezek 37:7 (strike out קוֺל ᵐ5 Co); כִּי הָֽיְתָה הָֽרְוָחָה Exod 8:11 (J) Pharaoh saw that respite had come; Mic 7:4 now shall come their confusion (|| בוא); also of concrete objects וְהָֽיְתָה הַקֶּשֶׁת בֶּעָנָן Gen 9:16 (P) and the bow shall appear in the clouds (|| וְנִרְאֲתָה) וְרִמָּה לֹא הָֽיְתָה בּוֺ Exod 16:24 (P) and worms did not appear in it; of condition or action begun & continuing, as: famine Gen 12:10; Gen 26:1 (twice in verse) (all J), Gen 41:54 (E), Ruth 1:1; 2Sam 21:1; 2Kgs 6:25 strife Gen 13:7; Gen 13:8 (J), Hab 1:3 (|| מָדוֺן יִשָּׂא); often of action of the elements, as the coming of hail Exod 9:18; Exod 9:24; Exod 9:26 (all J), thunder & lighting, etc., Exod 19:16 (E), rain 1Kgs 18:45, storm Jonah 1:4 especially of creative fiats יְהִי אוֺר וַיְהִי אוֺר Gen 1:3 let light appear, and light appeared, compare vGen 1:5 vGen 1:8 vGen 1:13 vGen 1:19 vGen 1:23 vGen 1:31 (all P); also arise, come on the stage or scene, וְאַחֲרָיו הָיָה שַׁמְגַּר Judg 3:31 and after him arose Shamgar (= וַיָּקָם Judg 10:1); further וַעֲלָטָה הָיָה Gen 15:17 (JE) and darkness came on; הַבֹּקֶר הָיָה Exod 10:13 (J) the morning came, Exod 19:16 (E); וַיְהִי הַיּוֺם 1Sam 1:4 and the day came, when (see Dr), 1Sam 14:1; 2Kgs 4:8; 2Kgs 4:11; 2Kgs 4:18; Job 1:6; Job 1:18; Job 2:1.
b. followed by preposition: בְּ, וְיָדֵנוּ אַלתְּֿהִיבֿוֺ Gen 37:27 (J) but our hand, let it not come upon him, of hand of ׳יּ 1Sam 5:9; 1Sam 7:13; 1Sam 12:15 + (all in hostile sense); בְּכָלשֲֶֿֿׁר יֶשׁלֿוֺ ׳וַיְהִי בִּרְכַּת י Gen 39:5 (J) and the blessing of ׳י came into (on) all that he had; but also of plague Exod 12:13 (P); followed by עַל, וּמֵי הַמַּבּוּל הָיוּ עַלהָֿאָרֶץ Gen 7:10 (J) that the waters of the flood came upon the earth; עָלַי הָיוּ כֻלָּ֑נָה Gen 42:36 (E) Gen 9:2 (P) fear shall come upon, compare Gen 35:25 (P) 2Chr 14:13; 2Chr 17:19; 2Chr 20:29 +; of wrath Josh 22:20; 1Kgs 3:27 so of Saul's evil spirit from God 1Sam 16:16; 1Sam 16:23; 1Sam 19:9 (אֶל); but followed by עַל also in good sense ׳וַתְּהִי עָלָיו רוּחַ י conferring strength & efficiency Judg 3:10; Judg 11:29 (היה = צלח Judg 14:6 + often), compare Num 24:2 (JE) of prophetic power; (on ׳וַתְּהִי לָיו יַד י 2Kgs 3:15; Ezek 3:22 and the like, see יָד); יַד אֱלֹהֵינוּ הָֽיְתָה עָלֵינוּ Ezra 8:31, so Ps 80:18 even וַתְּהִי עַלרֿאֹשׁ דָּוִד 2Sam 12:30 and it (the crown, עֲטֶרֶת) came (i.e. was put, set) on David's head; with a different meaning וַנִּהְיֶה עֲלֵיהֶם עַדפֶּֿתַח הַשָּׁ֑עַר 2Sam 11:23 and we were close upon them even to the gateway (compare We Dr); come, go, follow (followed by אַחֲרֵי) i.e. take the side of, adhere to, Exod 23:2 (JE) 1Sam 12:14; 2Sam 2:10; 1Kgs 12:20; 1Kgs 16:21 followed by לְ of blessings Gen 49:26 (poem); of judgement, punishment Jer 40:3 especially ויהי דבר֗֗֗ אֶל and the word of ... came unto: word of Samuel 1Sam 4:1 usually word of God (or ׳י) Gen 15:1; 1Sam 15:10 +; constantly in prophets: Hos 1:1; Mic 1:1 etc.; especially Jeremiah & Ezekiel: Jer 1:4; Jer 1:11; Jer 1:13; Jer 2:1; Jer 13:8 +; Ezek 3:16; Ezek 6:1; Ezek 7:1; Ezek 11:14; Ezek 11:17; Ezek 11:21; Ezek 11:26; Ezek 12:1; Ezek 12:8 +; so also absolute הָיָה הַמַּשָּׂא הַזֶּה Isa 14:28 in the death-year of king Ahaz came this utterance; also followed by מִן; מַלְכֵי עַמִּים מִמֶּנָּה יִהְיוּ Gen 17:16 (P), וּקְהַל גּוֺיִם יִהְיֶה מִמֶּ֑ךָּ Gen 35:11 (P), וְהָיָה אַדִּירוֺ מִמֶּנּוּ Jer 30:21 (|| מִקִּרְבּוֺ יֵצֵא); הַכֹּל הָיָה מִןהֶֿעָפָר וְהַכֹּל שָׁב אֶל הֶעָפָר Eccl 3:20 all came from the dust, & all return unto the dust; וַיְהִי קֶצֶף גָּדוֺל מֵאֵת צְבָאוֺת ׳י Zech 7:12.

2. become :
a. followed by predicate noun (to be viewed as implicit accusative Dr^{§ 161, 3 n.}, according to the Arabic usage W^{AG ii, § 41. 44. 74}): הִוא הָֽיְתָה אֵם כָּלחָֿ֑י Gen 3:20 (J) it was she that became the mother of all living; וַיְהִי הֶבֶל רֹעֵה צאֹן וְקַיִן הָיָה עֹבֵד אֲדָמָהGen 4:2 (J) and Abel became a shepherd of flocks, while Cain became a tiller of ground; 2Sam 8:14; Mic 2:11 + often
b. followed by predicate adjective Gen 38:7; Exod 36:13 +; compare Gen 37:20 let us see what his dream will become (turn out to be, signify);
c. become like (כְּ), וִהְיִיתֶם כֵּאלֹהִים Gen 3:5 and ye shall become like gods compare vGen 3:22, Num 11:1 (JE), Hos 2:1; Hos 7:11; Isa 9:18; 1Kgs 7:8; Zech 9:7 +; compare Gen 15:5 so (כֹּה) shall thy seed become; specifically of likeness in punishment Isa 1:9; 1Sam 17:36 +; also with כְּ repeated וְהָיָה כָעָם כַּכֹּהֵן Hos 4:9 and the people shall become like the priest (literally, and the like of the people shall become the like of the priest), so especially Isa 24:2 (6 pairs of words as above); וְהָיָה כַצַּדִּיק כָּרָשָׁע Gen 18:25 (J), see כְּ. b + c Gen 27:32 his hands had become like the hands of Esau his brother, hairy.
d. followed by predicate + לְ person וּתְהִי אִשָּׁה לְבֶןאֲֿדֹנֶיךָ Gen 24:51 (J) and let her become wife to the son of thy lord, 1Sam 16:21; 1Kgs 11:25; Ps 89:42; 1Chr 18:6 +; = be instituted, estanblished, וְהָיָה לָהֶםחָקעֿוֺלָם Exod 30:21 (P) and it shall be established for them as a perpetual ordinance (compare f below).
e. followed by לְ predicate: וַיְהִי הָאָדָם לְנֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה Gen 2:7 (J) and the man became a living soul; וְהָיָה לְאַרְבָּעָה רָאשִׁיםGen 2:10 (J) and it became four heads; גַּםהֿוּא יִהְיֶהלְֿעָם Gen 48:19 (J) he too shall become a people; וִהְיוּ לַאֲנָשִׁים 1Sam 4:9 and become (shew yourselves to be) men (|| הִתְחַזְּקוּ; compare with double לְ, f below); Zeph 1:13; Ezek 17:6; Ezek 47:12; Job 16:8 עלמֶלֶךְ עַלכָּֿלהָֿאָרֶץ ׳וְהָיָה י Zech 14:9 וַיְהִי לְמַס עֹבֵד Gen 49:15; Josh 16:10 so often; also in sense of turn into, be changed so as to become, וַיְהִי לְנָחָשׁExod 4:3 and it became a serpent, vExod 4:4; Exod 7:10; Isa 1:22; Deut 26:5 +; figurative וַיְהִי לְמָ֑יִם Josh 7:5 and it (their heart) turned to water, so וְהוּא הָיָה לְאֶבֶן 1Sam 25:37 or, serve as וְהָיוּ לִמְאוֺרֹת Gen 1:15 (P) and they shall become (fulfil the function of, serve as) luminaries, compare vGen 1:14 וְהָיָה לְאוֺת בְּרִית Gen 9:13; Gen 17:11 (both P). feminine often with לְ predicate + לְ person: וַתְּהִי לָהֶם הַלְּבֵנָה לְאָ֑בֶןGen 11:3 (J) and the bricks became (served as) stone for them; וַתְּהִי לִי לְאִשָּׁה Gen 20:12 (E) compare Gen 24:67 (J) +, וַתִּהְיֶינָה מַחְלָה וְחָגְלָה ֗֗֗ לַבְנֵי דֹדֵיהֶן לְנָשִׁים Num 36:11 וְהָיָה לְךָ וְלָהֶם לְאָכְלָה Num 6:21 (P), Exod 2:10; Exod 15:2; Judg 8:27 לִי לֵאלֹהִים ׳וְהָיָה י Gen 28:21 (E); אֲנִי אֶהְיֶה לוֺ לְאָב וְהוּא יִהְיֶהלִֿי לְבֵן 1Chr 17:3 +; = shew or prove oneself as הֱיֵהלִֿי לְבֶןחַֿיִל 1Sam 18:17 shew thyself for me a valiant man (compare 1Sam 4:9 e above); = be instituted, established (compare e above) וְהָיָה לְאַהֲרֹן וּלְבָנָיו לְחָקעֿוֺלָם Exod 29:28 and it shall be instituted for Aaron and his sons as a perpetual ordinance; compare vExod 29:9; Lev 10:15 וְהָֽיְתָה לִהְיֹת לָהֶם מָשְׁחָתָם לִכְהֻנַּת עוֺלָם לְדֹרֹתָם Exod 40:15 (all P).
g. with עַל and לְ 1Sam 22:2 וַיְהִי עֲלֵיהֶם לְשָׂר and he became over them prince.
h. sometimes with לְ person only = become the property of, come into the possession of ׳וַיְהִילֿוֺ צאֹןוּֿבָקָר וְגו Gen 12:15 (J), and he came to have flocks and herds etc., Gen 26:14; Gen 30:43 לֹא לוֺ יִהְיֶה הַזָּ֑רַע Gen 38:9 not his should the seed become; ׳וְהָיָה לי Judg 11:31 it shall become Yah-weh's; Deut 10:9; Josh 13:29; 1Kgs 10:26; 1Kgs 11:3 + often; so of a woman, as wife תְּהִינָֿא לְךָ Judg 15:2 pray let her become thine, compare also וַתְּהִי אֵשֶׁת שִׁמְשׁוֺן לְמֵרֵעֵהוּ Judg 14:20, Hos 3:3; Ruth 1:13; Lev 21:3; Deut 24:2; Jer 3:1; Ezek 16:8 (and also + לְאִשָּׁה, לְנָשִׁים see f above)III. Be (often with subordinate idea of becoming); —

1. exist, be in existence (i.e. originally have come into existence), כָּלהַֿיּמִים אֲשֶׁר הָיָה 1Sam 1:28 all the days which he shall have been (lived, = חַי Gen 5:5 etc., Dr^Sm), Job 3:16; Isa 23:13 often with בְּ local וְכֹל שִׂיחַ הַשָּׂדֶה טֶרֶם יִהְיֶה בָאָרֶץ Gen 2:5 (J) and there was not yet in the earth any shrub of the field; ׳וּבְאֵלֶּה לֹא הָיָה אִישׁ וגו Num 26:64 (P) and among them there was not a man to be found, etc.; also וְלֹא הָיָה כַּיּוֺם הַהוּא לְפָנָיו וְאַחֲרָיו Josh 10:14 (JE) & there hath not been a day like that before it nor since. compare 2Sam 14:25; 2Sam 1:5; 2Sam 21:25; 2Sam 23:25; +; somewhat weaker, in the frequently introductory clause וַיְהִי אִישׁ now there was a man Judg 13:2; 1Sam 1:1; 1Sam 9:1; Num 9:6 (P), Job 1:1 +; on אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה Exod 3:14 see יהוֺה.

2. abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time) וַיְהִי משֶׁה בָּהָר Exod 24:18 and Moses remainded in the mount forty days, etc., so Exod 34:28 (both J E), Judg 17:4; Judg 17:12; 1Sam 6:1; 1Kgs 11:20; 2Kgs 11:3 = 2Chr 22:12 +; also Lev 22:27; Lev 25:28 (both H), etc.; followed by עַד temporal remain until Deut 22:2; 1Kgs 11:40; 2Kgs 15:5; 2Chr 5:9; 2Chr 26:21; Dan 1:21 etc.; compare הוּא יִהְיֶה לְעוֺלָם Eccl 3:14 so also of space followed by עַד extend unto, as far as, Josh 19:10: of net beneath altar, Exod 27:5 shall reach as far as (עַד) the middle of the altar.

3. with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated stand, lie; בִּהְיוֺתָם בַּשָּׂדֶה Gen 4:8 (J) when they were in the field, הַמָּקוֺם אֲשֶׁרהָֿיָה שָׁם אָהֳלֹה בַּתְּחִלָּה Gen 13:3 (J) the place where his tent had stood at first; וְהָאָרֶץ תִּהְיֶה לִפְנֵיכֶם Gen 34:10 and the land, it lieth before you; compare Josh 19:1; Judg 7:1; Judg 7:8; Mic 5:6; Mic 5:7 followed by עַל be, be found or situated upon Isa 30:25 and there shall be upon every high mountain etc., streams, water-courses; Ezek 37:27 and my dwelling-place shall be over them; figurative of guilt דָּמִים וְהָיָה עָלָיךָ Deut 19:10 and blood (-guilt) be upon thee.

4. as copula, joining subject & predicate: —
a. followed by predicate adjective וַיִּהְיוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם עֲרוּמִּים Gen 2:25, וְהַנָּחָשׁ הָיָה עָרוּם Gen 3:1, בִּהְיוֺתָם כֹּאֲבִים Gen 34:25, וַיְהִי יוֺסֵף יְפֵהתֹֿאַר Gen 39:6; Deut 23:15; Josh 19:9; Judg 11:1; Job 1:1; Job 1:3b 2Chr 7:21.
b. followed by predicate noun Gen 1:2; Gen 9:18; Gen 25:3; Gen 36:14; Gen 40:13; 1Sam 17:34; 1Sam 17:42; 2Sam 8:10; 2Sam 20:25; 1Kgs 10:6; 2Kgs 3:4; 2Kgs 5:1 (twice in verse); 1Chr 9:20; 1Chr 11:20; 1Chr 18:10; 1Chr 26:10; 2Chr 13:7 כִּי לֹאהָֿיָה מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל 2Chr 18:32 (|| 1Kgs 22:33 כִּילֹֿאמֶֿלֶךְ ישׂראל הוּא) +; often of age: וַיְהִי אַבְרָם בֶּןתִּֿשְׁעִים שָׁנָה וְתֵשַׁע שָׁנִים Gen 17:1 (P) 2Kgs 8:17; 2Kgs 14:2; 2Kgs 15:2; 2Kgs 15:33; 2Kgs 18:2; 2Chr 21:20; 2Chr 27:8 +; followed by predicate Infinitive absolute (very anomal.) וְהַמַּיִם הָיוּ הָלוֺךְ וְחָסוֺר Gen 8:5 = amount to, come to, in enumeration of days of life number of people, amounts of money, etc.: Gen 5:4; Gen 5:5; Gen 5:8; Gen 5:11; Gen 5:14; Gen 9:29; Gen 11:32; Gen 23:1 +; Exod 38:24; Num 1:46, etc.
c. followed by adverb & adverbial phrase: לֹאטֿוֺב הֱיוֺת הָאָדָם לְבַדּוֺGen 2:18 (J) it is not good that the man be alone; חָדַל לִהְיוֺת לְשָׂרָה אֹרַה כַּנָּשִׁים Gen 18:11 (J).
d. followed by preposition: (a) be with, accompany with עִם, subject most often ׳י or אלהים with added idea of protection, aid Gen 26:3; Gen 31:3; Gen 39:10; Gen 48:21; Josh 1:3; Josh 6:27; Judg 1:19; Judg 2:18; 1Sam 3:19; 1Sam 18:12; 1Sam 20:13; 1Kgs 1:37; 1Chr 11:13; 2Chr 17:3 followed by עִמָּדִי Gen 28:20; Gen 31:5; Gen 35:3 followed by עִם, human subject, of accompaniment וְהָיָההַכֹּהֵןבֶּןאַֿהֲרֹן עִםהַֿלְוִיִּם Neh 10:39; 1Chr 11:12, read also in || 2Sam 23:9 (Th We Dr); = be on the side of 1Kgs 1:8 with עִם also = be near הָיָה עִםגֹּֿרֶן האורנה ׳וּמַלְאַךְ י 2Sam 24:16 (compare Dr); also 2Sam 13:20 implying sexual intercourse, so Gen 39:10 (perhaps gloss, compare Di); peculiar uses with עִם are: וּדְבַראַֿבְנֵר הָיָה עִםזִֿקְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל 2Sam 3:17 and the speech of A. had been with the elders of Israel, compare 1Kgs 1:7 וַיְהִי עִםלְֿבַב דָּוִד אָבִּי לִבְנוֺת 1Kgs 8:17 and it was with (i.e. in) the heart of David my father to build, = 2Chr 6:7 compare 1Kgs 8:18 (twice in verse); 1Chr 22:7; 2Chr 6:8 (twice in verse); 2Chr 24:4 also 1Kgs 10:2 = 2Chr 9:1
(b) be with, followed by אֶת, subject ׳י, אלהים, Gen 21:20; Gen 39:2; Gen 39:21 but also with human subject וּבָנָיוּ הָיוּ אֶתמִֿקְנֵהוּ Gen 34:5, compare 1Sam 29:8 +;
(c) followed by לְ of possessor כֶּרֶם הָיָה לִידִדִי Isa 5:1 all vineyard had my beloved, Gen 30:30 compare Exod 20:3 = Deut 5:7; Judg 18:27; 1Sam 9:2; 1Kgs 5:6 + often (compare I. 2 d, f, h);
(d) followed by לְ + other preposition: of boundary וַיְהִי לָהֶם הַגְּבוּל מֵעֲרוֺעֵרJosh 13:16, compare וַיְהִי גְבוּלָם מִמַּחֲנַיִם vJosh 13:30 וַוְהִי לָהֶם הַגְּבוּל לִפְאַת צָפנַָה מִיַּרְדֵּן Josh 18:12, etc.;
(e) followed by בְּ be among, or of, Amos 1:1 who was one of the herdsmen, 1Kgs 2:7 let them be among those eating, Prov 22:26; Prov 23:20.

5. periphrastic conjug.:
a. היה + participle, of continuous state, or condition, sometimes, especially late (compare Late Hebrew), of habit, with וַיְהִי also of beginning and continuance (compare Dr^{§ 135}, (5)): participle active Gen 39:22 (J), Exod 3:1 (E), 1Sam 2:11; 1Sam 7:10; 1Sam 18:9 (compare Dr) v1Sam 18:14 v1Sam 18:29; 2Sam 8:15 = 1Chr 18:14. Deut 28:29; Isa 30:20; 1Kgs 5:1; 1Kgs 5:15; 1Kgs 5:24; 2Kgs 6:5; 2Kgs 9:14; 2Chr 9:26; Ezra 4:4; Neh 1:4; Neh 2:13; Dan 1:16 +; Gen 1:6 (P); ׳הָיָה יָרֵא אֶתיֿ 1Kgs 18:3; 2Kgs 4:1; 2Chr 26:1 passive participle Josh 10:26; 1Kgs 13:24; 1Kgs 22:35 וְהַמֶּלֶךְ הָיָה מָעֳמָד בַּמֶּרְכָּבָה (|| 2Chr 18:34 הָיָה מַעֲמִיד), Isa 2:2 = Mic 4:1, וְהָיָה סָגוּר Ezek 44:2, נַעֲשֶׂה ׳ה Neh 5:18, ׳וְאָהוּב לֵאלֹהָיו ה Neh 13:26 — on 2Sam 13:32 compare Dr.
b. followed by Infinitive with לְ (Dr^{§ 208, 204}): וְהָיָה לְבָעֵר Isa 5:5 and it shall be to burn (is to be, is destined to be burned) etc.; לָבוֺא וַיְהִי הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ Gen 15:12 and the sun was about to set; וַיְהִי הַשַּׁעַר לִסְגּוֺר Josh 2:5 and the gate was about to be shut; but also וַיְהִי לִדְרשׁ אֱלֹהִים 2Chr 26:5 (nearly = וַיְהִי + Participle) Niph`al Perfect נִהְיָה 1Kgs 1:27 + 6 t. + Mic 2:4 (compare below near the end); 3 feminine singular נִהָיְתָה Judg 19:30 + 5 t., נִהְיָ֑תָה Exod 11:6; Jer 48:19 וְנִהְיָ֑תָה consecutive Ezek 39:8 + Ezek 21:12 (strike out B Manuscripts ᵐ5 Co); 2 masculine singular נִהְיֵיתָ Deut 27:9 1 singular ךּנהִךְייךתי Dan 8:27 Participle feminine singular נִהְיָה Prov 13:19 —

1. either, be done, be brought about, or occur, come to pass: in the strong expressions וְכָמֹהוּ לֹא תֹסִף אֲשֶׁר כָּמֹהוּ ׳לֹא נ Exod 11:6 (J) a cry such as hath not occurred (been raised), and will not be again, compare Deut 4:32 (be done; || נִשְׁמַע), & Judg 19:30 (|| נִרְאֲתָה); — but simply intransitive Joel 2:2; Dan 12:1 & apparently Ezek 21:12 (|| בָּאָ֫ה; on text, however, see above) Ezek 39:8 (|| id.); — also אֵיכָה נִהְיְתָה הָרָעָה הַזֹּאת Judg 20:3 how hath this wickedness been done ? compare vJudg 20:12; Jer 5:30; Jer 48:19 also Neh 6:8 with לֹא, existence denied ׳לֹא נ Zech 8:10 (|| אֵינֶ֑נָּה); in all the above (except Joel 2:2; Dan 12:1 & Ezek 21:12; Ezek 39:8) personal agency is clearly implied; it is expressed ׳מֵאֵת אֲדֹנִי הַמֶּלֶץ נ הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה 1Kgs 1:27, so of divine agency (מֵאִתִּי) 1 K i1Kgs 12:24 = 2Chr 11:4 further be attained, secured, of wages Zech 8:10 (with לֹא, || אֵינֶ֑נָּה); תַּאֲוָּה נִהְיָה Prov 13:19 a desire come to pass, realized.

2. be done, finished, gone, only Daniel וּשְׁנָתוֺ נִהְיְתָה עָלָיו Dan 2:1 and his sleep was finished upon him, i.e. left him (compare Aramaic Dan 6:19); נִהְיֵיתִי Dan 8:27 I came to an end, was exhausted (si vera lectio, strike out ᵐ5; || נֶחֱלֵיתִי); נִהְיָה, in וְנָהָה נְהִי נִהְיָה Mic 2:4, is dubious; it is done, over, the ruin is come Rob-Ges Ew Hi Ca Che L RVm;? < omit as dittograph Sta^{ZAW 1886, 122 f.} compare JBL^{1890, 74.77}.

BDB9470 H1934 H1961

הֲוָא, הֲוָּה₇₁ verb come to pass, become, be (Biblical Hebrew הָיָה); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular הֲוָה Dan 4:26 +, הֲוָא Dan 5:19 +; 2 masculine singular הֲוַיְתָ Dan 2:31; Dan 2:34, 1 singular הֲוֵית Dan 4:1 +; 3 masculine plural הֲווֺ Dan 2:35 +; Imperfect 3 masculine singular לֶהֱוֵא (K^{§ 47, l}) b) Dr^{§ 204 Obs.} Nö^{M 215 ff.}; in Jewish-Aramaic as jussive D^{§ 61, lc}) Dan 2:20 +; 3 feminine singular תֶּהֱוֵה Dan 4:24 +, אֵ֯ Ezra 6:8 +, 3 masculine plural לֶהֱוֺן Ezra 6:10 + 6 t., 3 feminine plural לֶהֶוְיָן Dan 5:17 Imperative masculine plural הֱווֺ Ezra 4:22, הֲזוֺ Ezra 6:6 —

1. come to pass Dan 2:28; Dan 2:29 (twice in verse); Dan 2:45.

2. come into being, arise Ezra 7:23 become, come to be, with predicate noun Dan 4:24; Dan 5:29 and ( = represent) Dan 7:23 with כְּ like Dan 2:35 a, with ל predicate vDan 2:35 b, with adjective predicate Ezra 6:6, with adverb phrase Ezra 5:5; Dan 4:22 often periphrastic, with participle: ׳יְדִיעַ לה let become known Dan 3:18; Ezra 4:12; Ezra 4:13; Ezra 5:8 let it be given Ezra 6:8; Ezra 6:9, also Ezra 7:26; Dan 2:20.

3. be, as copula, with adjective predication Dan 2:40; Dan 2:42; Dan 7:19 so very often in periphrastic conjugation with participle, צָבֵא ׳ה wish Dan 5:19 (4 t. in verse), ׳חָזֵה ה behold Dan 2:31; Dan 2:34; Dan 7:2; Dan 7:4; Dan 7:6 +, etc.

be, pass, was, were, came, …

hāyâ

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out

(Qal)

to occur

to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass

to arise, appear, come

to become

to exist, be in existence

to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about

לָּ הֶ֖ם

לָּ

Preposition fathers, father, chief, families, patrimony, …

הֶ֖ם

Suffix — pronoun their / them

Dictionary form: אָב · awb

Preposition

his father ×133 of their fathers ×94 his fathers ×86 my father ×80 thy father ×51 of the fathers ×44 the father ×41 their fathers ×30

More options

father — Default choice; direct, natural, widely understood.

ancestor — Prefer when referring to distant forebears or lineage.

forefather — Slightly more formal; good for ancestral or covenantal contexts.

patriarch — Use for tribal or clan heads with religious authority.

family head — Highlights household-leader role in social/legal contexts.

founder — Suits contexts emphasizing originating or establishing a line.

BDB17 H1

אָב₁₁₉₁ noun masculine father (Phoenician אב, Assyrian abu, Arabic , Sabean אב CIS^{iv, 1, 37 1. 2} and others, Ethiopic Aramaic אַבָּא, — absolute אָב Gen 44:19 + 47 t.; construct אַב Gen 17:4; Gen 17:5 (compare in אַבְרָהָם ib. & elsewhere in proper names. On Hal's proposed אֲבִר see אברהם); אֲבִי (compare Ge^{§§ 90, 3b, 96}) Gen 4:20 +; suffix אָבִי Gen 19:34 + (MI אבי); אָבִיךָ Gen 12:1 +; אָבִיו Gen 2:24 +; אָבִ֫יהוּ Judg 14:10 + 6t.; plural אָבוֺת Exod 12:3 +; construct אֲבוֺת Exod 6:25 + 7 t.; suffix אֲבוֺתַי (אֲבֹתַי, אֲבוֺתָ֑י) Gen 47:9 + 15 t.; אֲבוֺתֵיהֶם 1Chr 4:38 + 32 t. (late); אֲבוֺתָם Exod 4:5 + 106 t. etc.; —

1. father of individual Gen 2:24 (+ אֵם) Gen 11:28; Gen 11:29 (twice in verse); Gen 19:31; Gen 19:32; Gen 19:33, + often (mostly J E D); of father as commanding Gen 50:16 (J) Jer 35:6 f Prov 6:20 (compare Gen 18:19 J Gen 28:1; Gen 28:6 P 1Sam 17:20; 1Kgs 2:1); instructing מוסר Prov 1:8; Prov 4:1 (compare Deut 8:5); specifically as begetter, genitor Prov 23:22; Zech 13:3 (twice in verse) (+ אֵם) Isa 45:10 compare Gen 49:4 (J) Lev 18:7; Lev 18:8; Lev 18:11 (P); rebuking Gen 37:10 loving Gen 37:4; Gen 44:20 (J E; compare Gen 22:2; Gen 25:28; Gen 37:3; 2Sam 14:1); pitying Ps 103:13 (in simile compare 2Sam 18:5); blessing Gen 27:41 (J E compare Gen 27:4 also Gen 28:1 P +); as glad Prov 10:1; Prov 15:20 compare Prov 29:3 grieving Gen 37:35 (J E; compare 2Sam 12:22; 2Sam 19:1; 2Sam 19:2 f) etc. Also as object of honour, obedience, love Exod 20:12 (E) = Deut 5:16; Exod 21:15; Exod 21:17 (E) Deut 21:18; Deut 21:19; Gen 28:7 (P) 1Kgs 19:20 (all + אֵם), 1Kgs 50:1; 1Kgs 50:5 (J) Mal 1:6 etc. Hence metaphor of intimate connection Job 17:14 to corruption I cry, My father art thou (|| אִמִּי וַאֲחֹתִי לָֽרִמָּה).

2. of God as father of his people (see RS^{Sem 42}), who constituted, controls, guides and lovingly watches over it: Deut 32:6; Jer 3:4; Jer 3:19; Jer 31:9; Isa 63:16 (twice in verse); Isa 64:7; Mal 1:6; Mal 2:10 (compare Exod 4:22; Exod 19:4 (JE) Deut 32:11; Hos 11:1); compare Jer 2:27 (of idolatrous Israel) אֹמְרִים לָעֵץ אָבִי אַתָּה וְלָאֶבֶן אַתְּ ילדתני׃; especially God as father of Davidic line 2Sam 7:14; Ps 89:27 f. of needy (late) Ps 68:6 (compare Ps 103:13) (in proper name, f. of individual, compare below)

3. head of household, family or clan; בֵּית אָבִי as abode Gen 38:11 (twice in verse); Lev 22:13 +; = family Gen 24:40 (|| מִשְׁפַּחְתִּי) Gen 41:51; Gen 46:31 + compare Num 18:1; Num 18:2; Josh 2:12; Josh 2:18; Josh 6:25 especially techn. of divisions of Israel בֵּית אָב לְמִשְׁפָּחוֺת Num 3:30; Num 3:35 = a father's house, i.e. a family or clan; more often plural (אבותם, אבותיו) בֵית אָבוֺת = father's houses = families, clans (compare Di on Exod 6:14) Exod 6:14; Exod 12:3; Num 1:2; Num 1:18 ff (often in Numbers) Josh 14:1; Josh 19:51; Josh 21:1 (twice in verse); Josh 22:14 (twice in verse) (always P in Hexateuch); also 1Chr 5:13; 1Chr 5:15 + often in Chronicles; compare רָאשֵׁי אבות הלוים (= ׳בית א ׳ר) Exod 6:25 compare 1Kgs 8:1; 1Chr 6:4; 1Chr 7:11 + often Chronicles Ezra Nehemiah.

4. ancestor (a) of individual; grandfather (instead of precise term) Gen 28:13; Gen 32:10 (J; where used by Jacob of Abraham & then of Isaac); greatgrandfather 1Kgs 15:13 great-greatgrandfather 1Kgs 15:11 etc.; oft plural (= fathers, forefathers) Gen 15:15; Gen 46:34 (JE) 1Kgs 19:4; 1Kgs 21:3; 1Kgs 21:4; 2Kgs 19:12; 2Kgs 20:17 +; particularly שׁכב עם אבותיו 1Kgs 1:21; 1Kgs 2:10; 1Kgs 11:21; 1Kgs 22:40 +; joined with ׳ויקבר עם אב 1Kgs 14:31; 1Kgs 15:24; 1Kgs 22:51; 2Kgs 8:24; 2Kgs 15:38 compare v2Kgs 15:7, 2Kgs 16:20 + (all of kings of Judah); intensive, אֲבֹתֶיךָ וַאֲבוֺת אֲבֹתֶיךָ Exod 10:6 compare Dan 11:24 (b) of people Gen 10:21 (J) Gen 17:4; Gen 17:5 (P) Gen 19:37; Gen 19:38 (J) Gen 36:9; Gen 36:43 (P) Deut 26:5; Isa 51:2; Isa 43:27 (where אביך הראשׁון thy first father, see Che) compare also Ezek 16:3; Ezek 16:45 + often; plural Exod 3:13; Exod 3:15; Exod 3:16 (E) Deut 1:8; Josh 1:6; Judg 2:1; 1Sam 12:6 +; 1Sam 12:15 near the end read וּבְמַלְכְּכֶם ᵐ5 We Dr.

5. originator or patron of a class, profession, or art Gen 4:20; Gen 4:21.

6. figurative of producer, generator Job 38:28 הֲיֵשׁ לַמָּטָר אָ֑ב (|| הוֺלִיד אֶגְלֵיטָֽֿל׃ מִיֿ).

7. figurative of benevolence & protection Job 29:6 אָב אָֽנֹכִי לָֽאֶבְיוֺנִים, compare Job 31:18 of Eliakim Isa 22:21 perhaps also of gracious Messianic king אֲבִי עַד Isa 9:5 everlasting father (Ge Ew De Che Brd Di) — others divider of spoil (Abarb Hi Kn Kue Br^MP).

8. term of respect & honour (Abbas, Pater, Papa, Pope); applied to master 2Kgs 5:13 priest Judg 17:10; Judg 18:19 prophet 2Kgs 2:12 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 6:21; 2Kgs 13:14 (twice in verse); compare 2Kgs 8:9 counsellor Gen 45:8 (E; compare δευτέρου πατρός ᵐ5 add. Esth 3:13 τῷ πατρί 1 Mac Esth 11:32); king 1Sam 24:12 artificer 2Chr 2:12; 2Chr 4:16.

9. specifically, ruler, chief (late) 1Chr 2:24; 1Chr 2:42 (twice in verse); etc. (compare Ew^{§ 273 b}) see also Ew^{Geschichte. i. 524. H i. 365}. On the force of אָב in proper names (in many probably a divine title), see Che^{Ency. Bib., ABI, NAMES WITH} Nö^{ib., NAMES, §§ 44, 45}.

fathers, father, chief, families, patrimony, …

ʾāb

father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application

father of an individual

grandfather, forefathers (of a person)

לְ חֻקַּ֣ת

לְ

Prefix — preposition to, for

חֻקַּ֣ת

Root word statutes, statute, ordinance, ordinances, customs, …

Dictionary form: חֻקָּה · hook-KAW

Noun — Common, both singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: statute

my statutes ×18 in my statutes ×10 it shall be a statute ×8 and his statutes ×7 and my statutes ×7 the ordinances ×5 his statutes ×4 in the statutes ×4

More options

decree — Broad, formal term; suits legal or royal contexts well.

regulation — Neutral, modern register; good for legal/cultic rules.

ordinance — Modernized KJV form; retains slight ceremonial weight.

requirement — Emphasizes obligation; useful for covenantal demands.

prescribed rule — Highlights the fixed, established nature of the law.

standing law — Stresses permanence; suits recurring or perpetual statutes.

BDB3073 H2708

חֻקָּה₁₀₄ noun feminine^{Exod 13:10} something prescribed, enactment, statute; — ׳ח Num 9:14 + 2 t.; construct חֻקַּת Exod 12:14 + 28 t.; plural חֻקּוֺת Jer 5:24 + 12 t.; חֻקֹּת Lev 20:23; Jer 31:35 suffix חֻקּוֺתַי Gen 26:5 + 14 t.; חֻקֹּתַי Lev 18:4 + 21 t. etc.; —

1. singular statute, of special ritual laws: of passover Exod 13:10 (J); elsewhere only in P (and H), חקת הפסח Exod 12:43; Num 9:12; Num 9:14 התורה ׳ח Num 19:2; Num 31:21 משׁפט ׳ח Num 27:11; Num 35:29 עולם ׳ח Exod 12:14; Exod 12:17; Exod 27:21; Exod 28:43; Exod 29:9; Lev 3:17; Lev 7:36; Lev 10:9; Lev 16:29; Lev 16:31; Lev 16:34; Lev 23:21; Lev 23:31; Lev 24:3; Num 10:8; Num 15:15; Num 18:23; Num 19:10; Num 19:21 (all P), Lev 17:7; Lev 23:14; Lev 23:41 (H); חֻקָּה אַחַת לַגֵּר ולאזרךְ Num 9:14; Num 15:15.

2. plural statutes:
a. of nature שׁמים ׳ח Job 38:33; Jer 33:25 of moon and stars Jer 31:35 of weeks of harvest Jer 5:24.
b. figurative of a firmly established custom הגוי(םׅ ׳ח Lev 20:23 (H) 2Kgs 17:8 העמים ׳ח Jer 10:3 עמרי ׳ח Mic 6:16 idolatry ישׂראל ׳ח 2Kgs 17:19 sexual offences Lev 18:30 (H).
c. דוד ׳ח statutes of David 1Kgs 3:3.
d. || משׁפטים 2Sam 22:23 = Ps 18:23 (of the law known to David); || מצות Ps 89:32 ׳ברית וח 1Kgs 11:11 elsewhere of the prescriptions of the codes of D, H, P, Ezekiel: usually חקות ומשׁפטים Lev 18:5; Lev 18:26; Lev 19:37; Lev 20:22 (H), Lev 25:18; Num 9:3 (P), 1Kgs 11:33; Ezek 5:7; Ezek 11:20; Ezek 18:9; Ezek 20:11; Ezek 20:13; Ezek 20:19; Ezek 20:21 preceded by מצות Deut 30:16 followed by מצות Lev 26:15 (H), Deut 11:1; 1Kgs 6:12 תורה ומצוה 2Kgs 17:34 or else משׁפטים וחקות Lev 18:4; Lev 26:43 (H), Ezek 5:6 (twice in verse); Ezek 18:17; Ezek 20:16; Ezek 20:24; Ezek 37:24 preceded by מצות Deut 8:11 in different order, ועדות ׳מצות ומ ׳ח 1Kgs 2:3 frequently also ומצות ׳ח Lev 26:3 (H), Deut 6:2; 1Kgs 11:38; 2Chr 7:19 or ׳מצות (ו)ח Deut 10:13; Deut 28:15; Deut 28:45; Deut 30:10; 1Kgs 9:6; 1Kgs 11:34; Ezek 43:11 (Co), 2Kgs 17:13 followed by תורות Gen 26:5 (R); מצות ׳ועדות וח 2Kgs 23:3 ׳תורה וח Jer 44:10 ׳ותורה וח ועדות Jer 44:23 ותורות ׳ח Ezek 44:5; Ezek 43:11 (Co); ׳תורות יח Ezek 44:24 special ordinances are המזבח ׳ח Ezek 43:18 ׳בית י ׳ח Ezek 44:5 חיים ׳ח Ezek 33:15 (which are life to those who keep them); עולם תמיד ׳ח (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9 Talm Co strike out עולם) Ezek 46:14.
e. phrases of obedience are ׳הלך ב Lev 18:3; Lev 20:23; Lev 26:3 (H), 1Kgs 3:3; 1Kgs 6:12; 2Kgs 17:8; 2Kgs 17:19; Jer 44:10; Jer 44:23; Ezek 5:6; Ezek 5:7; Ezek 11:20; Ezek 18:9; Ezek 18:17; Ezek 20:13; Ezek 20:16; Ezek 20:19; Ezek 20:21; Ezek 33:15 שׁמר Lev 18:4; Lev 18:5; Lev 18:26; Lev 19:19; Lev 19:37; Lev 20:8; Lev 20:22 (H), Gen 26:5 (R), Deut 6:2; Deut 8:11; Deut 10:13; Deut 11:1; Deut 28:45; Deut 30:10; Deut 30:16; 1Kgs 2:3; 1Kgs 9:6; 1Kgs 11:11; 1Kgs 11:34; 1Kgs 11:38; 2Kgs 17:13; 2Kgs 23:3; Ezek 18:19; Ezek 18:21; Ezek 37:24; Ezek 43:11; Ezek 44:24 עשׂה Lev 25:18 (P), Deut 28:15; 1Kgs 11:33 ׳עשׂה כח 2Kgs 17:34 אֶשְׁתַּעֲשָׁ֑ע ׳בח Ps 119:16 phrases of disobedience are ׳מאס ח Ezek 20:24 ׳מאס בח Lev 26:15 (H); געל Lev 26:43 (H); עזב 2Chr 7:19 חלל Ps 89:32. — [חֹק and חֻקָּה differ somewhat in shade of meaning and frequency in various writings: e.g. חֹק oftener in Job Psalms Proverbs (חֻקָּה not at all Proverbs, once Job), and in Chronicles (חֻקָּה only 2Chr 7:19); חֻקָּה often in Kings, rarely in Hexateuch except in P (H); in prophets, חֹק occurs Amos 2:4; Isa 5:14; Isa 24:5; Mic 7:11; Jer 3 t., Ezek 6 t., חֻקָּה only Ezekiel, Jeremiah (6 t.) and Mic 6:16 חֻקִּים especially in Deuteronomy and Ps 119, חֻקּוֺת especially in H, Ezekiel and sometimes (8 t.) Deuteronomy; חֹק עוֺלָם usually = due, ׳חֻקַּת ע much more often statute, ordinance, etc.]

statutes, statute, ordinance, ordinances, customs, …

ḥuqqâ

a statute

statute, ordinance, limit, enactment, something prescribed

statute

עוֹלָ֑ם

Root word ever, everlasting, old, perpetual, evermore, …

Dictionary form: עוֹלָם · oh-LAWM

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: a perpetual

for ever ×138 ever ×59 endureth for ever ×45 of old ×11 an everlasting ×9 everlasting ×8 and ever ×7 evermore ×7

More options

eternal — Best for God's nature or timeless theological statements.

everlasting — Modernized KJV staple; slightly more poetic than 'eternal'.

forever — Natural, contemporary; ideal for promises and covenants.

ancient — Use when referring to distant past, not future duration.

age-long — Captures indefinite duration without implying strict infinity.

perpetual — Suits legal or covenantal contexts stressing continuity.

BDB6119 H5769 H5865

עוֺלָם₄₃₉ noun masculine long duration, antiquity, futurity; — ׳ע Gen 9:12 + 405 t.; עֹלָם Gen 3:22 + 19 t.; עֵילוֺם 2Chr 33:7, read probably עוֺלָם (for other explanations see note in Kit^Hpt); suffix עֹלָמוֺ Eccl 12:5 plural עוֺלָמִים Isa 26:4 + 7 t., עֹלָמִים Ps 145:13 + 2 t.; construct עוֺלְמֵי Isa 45:17 —

1. of past time:
a. ancient time: ׳יְמֵי ע days of old Isa 63:9; Isa 63:11; Amos 9:11; Mic 5:1; Mic 7:14; ׳יְמוֺת ע Deut 32:7 ׳עַם ע Isa 44:7 ancient people; ׳גּוֺי מֵע Jer 5:15 ׳חָרְבוֺת ע old waste places Isa 58:12; Isa 61:4, compare Ezek 26:20 b; ׳פִּתְחֵי ע ancient gates Ps 24:7; Ps 24:9 ׳ארח ע Job 22:15 ׳נתבות ע Jer 6:16 ׳שְׁבִילֵי ע Jer 18:15 ׳גבול ע Prov 22:28; Prov 23:10 ׳במות ע Ezek 36:2 ׳מִן (מֵ)ע from of old Isa 64:3; Jer 2:20; Joel 2:2, of the fathers Josh 24:2, the prophets Jer 28:8, the ancient נפלים Gen 6:4 (Ezek 32:27 ᵐ5 Co for מערלים; but 1Sam 27:8 read מִטֵּלָם for מעולם We Dr HPS); ׳בהם ע long in them Isa 64:4 (text dubious).
b. ׳מֵתֵי ע the long dead Ps 143:3; Lam 3:6 so ׳עַם ע Ezek 26:20.
c. of God, ׳מֵע: former acts Isa 46:9 as redeemer Isa 63:16 of love Ps 25:6, judgment Ps 119:52, dominion Isa 63:19 long silence Isa 42:14; Isa 57:11

**ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Che^Hpt Du Marti read מֵעְלִם for מֵעוֺלָם, compare I. [עָלַם] Hiph`il Ps 10:1.; his wisdom personified Prov 8:23 his existence Ps 93:2.
d. of things: ׳גבעות ע ancient hills Gen 49:26 (J), Hab 3:6 (|| הרריעֿד), Deut 33:15 (|| הררי קדם).
e. plural שְׁנוֺת עולמים Ps 77:6 years of ancient times; דורות עולמים Isa 51:9 לעלמים Eccl 1:10 = in olden times.

2. a. indefinite futurity, with preposition for ever, always (sometimes = during the lifetime); עֶבֶד עולם slave for ever Deut 15:17; 1Sam 27:12; Job 40:28 ׳עָבַד לע serve for ever Exod 21:6 (E), Lev 25:46 ׳עד ע 1Sam 1:22 ׳גְּאֻלַּת ע Lev 25:32 redemption at any time; ׳הֲרַת ע Jer 20:17 ever pregnant (womb); ׳כְּלִמַּת ע vJer 20:11 of persecutors of Jeremiah; ׳חרפת ע Jer 23:40 ׳שַׁלְוֵי ע Ps 73:12 alway at ease; ׳יְחִי לע (יחיה) may the king live alway 1Kgs 1:31; Neh 2:3 compare אֹרֶךְ יָמִים עולם ועד Ps 21:5 ישׁד עולם לפני אלהים Ps 61:8 so of the pious, לא ימוט ׳לע Ps 15:5 בל ימוט Prov 10:30, compare Ps 30:7 other phrase: Ps 37:27; Ps 37:28; Ps 41:13; Ps 55:23; Ps 61:8; Ps 73:26; Ps 121:8; Prov 10:25 אשׁירה ׳ע Ps 89:2 I will sing for ever (as long as I live), compare Ps 52:10; Ps 115:18; Ps 145:1; Ps 145:2 ׳הוֺדה ע Ps 30:13; Ps 44:9; Ps 52:11; Ps 79:13 other emotions and activities continuous through life Ps 5:12; Ps 31:2 = Ps 71:1; Ps 75:10; Ps 86:12; Ps 119:44; Ps 119:93; Ps 119:98; Ps 119:111; Ps 119:112; Mic 4:5, compare ׳לע Mic 2:9.
b. = continuous existence, (1) of things: the earth, הָאָרֶץ לְעוֺלָם עֹמֶדֶת Eccl 1:4 other phrase: Ps 78:69; Ps 104:5, heavens and contents Ps 148:6, ruined cities Isa 25:2; Isa 32:14; Ezek 26:21; Ezek 27:36; Ezek 28:19, ruined lands Jer 18:16; Jer 25:9; Jer 25:12; Jer 49:13; Jer 49:33; Jer 51:26; Jer 51:62; Ezek 35:9; Zeph 2:9 ׳לעד עד ע Isa 30:8 for a witness for ever, in a book; (2) of nations: לעולם אהיה Isa 47:7 (Babylon loqu.), compare Ps 81:16; Obad 1:10 ׳ישׁב לע of Judah Joel 4:20 (3) families Ps 49:12; Isa 14:20 the dynasty of Saul 1Sam 13:13 house of Eli 1Sam 2:30 (4) national relations: איבת ׳ע continual enmity Ezek 25:15; Ezek 35:5 of exclusion from ׳קהל י, ׳עד ע Deut 23:4 = Neh 13:1 various relations Isa 32:17; Isa 34:10 ׳חרפת ע perpetual reproach Ps 78:66, of dynasty of David 2Sam 3:28; 2Sam 12:10; 1Kgs 2:33, families v1Kgs 2:33; 2Kgs 5:27; Ps 106:31; Jer 35:6.
c. of divine existence: אל עולם Gen 21:33 (J); ׳אלהי ע Isa 40:28 ׳חי אנכי לע Deut 32:40 ׳חֵי הע Dan 12:7 of divine name, ׳זה שׁמי לְע Exod 3:15 (E), compare 2Chr 33:7 (see above); blessing and praise of it 2Sam 7:26 = 1Chr 17:24; Ps 72:19; Ps 135:13 of ׳י himself Ps 89:53 attributes, אהבה Jer 31:3; 1Kgs 10:9 חסד Isa 54:8; Ps 89:2; Ps 138:8 חַסְדּוֺ ׳לע 1Chr 26:34; 1Chr 26:41; 2Chr 5:13; 2Chr 7:3; 2Chr 7:6; 2Chr 20:21; Ezra 3:11; Ps 100:5; Ps 106:1; Ps 107:1; Ps 118:1; Ps 118:2; Ps 118:3; Ps 118:4; Ps 118:29; Ps 136:1 + 25 t., Jer 33:11 כבוד Ps 104:31 אמת Ps 117:2; Ps 146:6 צדק Ps 119:142 עצה Ps 33:11 reign Exod 15:18 (E), Ps 10:16; Ps 66:7; Ps 92:9; Ps 146:10; Jer 10:10; Mic 4:7 ישׁב ׳יהוה לע Ps 9:8; Ps 29:10; Ps 102:13; Lam 5:19 presence in Zion 1Chr 23:25; Isa 33:14; Isa 60:19; Isa 60:20; Ezek 37:28; Ezek 43:7; Ezek 43:9 his salvation Isa 51:6; Isa 51:8 ׳זרעת ע Deut 33:27 everlasting arms; ׳כל אשׁר יעשׂה האלהים יהיה לע Eccl 3:14.
d. of God's covenant: ׳בְּרִית ע everlasting covenant Gen 9:16; Gen 17:7; Gen 17:13; Gen 17:19; Exod 31:16; Lev 24:8; Num 18:19 (all P), 2Sam 23:5; 1Chr 16:17 = Ps 105:10; Isa 24:5; Isa 55:3; Isa 61:8; Jer 32:40; Jer 50:5; Ezek 16:60; Ezek 37:26 covenant with Noah, ׳לְדֹרֹת ע Gen 9:12 (P); God remembers it 1Chr 16:15 = Ps 105:8; Ps 111:5 will not break it, ׳לע Judg 2:1 ׳אוֺת ע Exod 31:17 (P); ׳אוֺת עד ע Deut 28:46.
e. of God's laws: דבר(יםׅ Isa 59:21; Ps 119:89 משׁפט Ps 119:160 עדות vPs 119:144 vPs 119:152 ׳חק ע Exod 29:28; Exod 30:21 (E), Lev 6:11; Lev 6:15; Lev 7:34; Lev 10:15; Lev 24:9; (P), also Jer 5:22 (of bounds of sea); ׳חק עד ע Exod 12:24 (J), ׳חֻקַּת ע vExod 12:14 vExod 12:17; Exod 27:21; Exod 28:43; Exod 29:9; Lev 3:17; Lev 7:36; Lev 10:9; Lev 16:29; Lev 10:31; Lev 10:34; Lev 17:7; Lev 23:14; Lev 23:21; Lev 23:31; Lev 23:41; Lev 24:3; Lev 24:8; Num 10:8; Num 15:15; Num 18:23; Num 19:10; Num 19:21 (P) (most of these in fact specifically Jewish and temporary); temple to bear God's name, ׳עד ע 1Kgs 9:3 = 2Chr 7:16 ׳לע 2Kgs 21:7; 2Chr 33:4 consecrated ׳לע 2Chr 30:8 its ceremonies ׳לע 2Chr 2:3 Levitical priesthood, לשׁרתו ׳עד ע, 1Chr 15:2 Aaronic priesthood, ׳לברך בשׁמ ׳עד ע 1Chr 23:13 (twice in verse). feminine of God's promises: his word, ׳יקום לע Isa 40:8 promised dynasty of David, עד ׳(ה)ע 2Sam 7:13; 2Sam 7:16 (twice in verse); 2Sam 7:25 = 1Chr 17:12; 1Chr 17:14 (twice in verse); 1Chr 17:23, Ps 18:51 = 2Sam 22:51; 1Kgs 2:33; 1Kgs 2:45; 1Chr 22:10; Ps 89:5 ׳לע 1Kgs 9:5; 1Chr 28:4; 1Chr 28:7; 2Chr 13:5; Ps 89:29; Ps 89:37; 2Sam 7:29 (twice in verse) = 1Chr 17:27 (twice in verse); of holy land 1Chr 28:8, ׳אֲחֻזַּת ע Gen 17:8; Gen 48:4; Lev 25:34 (P); given ׳לע Exod 32:13 (J) 2Chr 20:7 ׳עד ע Gen 13:15, inherited ׳לע Isa 60:21; Ps 37:18 ׳עד ע Isa 34:17 dwelt in ׳עד ע Ezek 37:25 other blessings, ׳לע Deut 5:26; Hos 2:21 ׳עד ע Deut 12:28; 2Sam 7:24 = 1Chr 17:22; Ps 133:3 ׳שִׂמְחַת ע Isa 35:10; Isa 51:11; Isa 61:7 ׳דֶּרֶח ע Ps 139:24 ׳שׁם ע Isa 56:5; Isa 63:12 ׳אות ע Isa 55:13 ׳נאון ע Isa 60:15 Jerusalem to abide ׳לע Jer 17:25; Ps 125:1, compare Jer 31:40 ׳עד ע Ps 48:9.
g. of relations between God and his people, ׳לע 1Chr 29:18; Ps 45:18; Ps 85:6; Ps 103:9; Ps 145:21; Isa 57:16; Jer 3:5; Jer 3:12; Lam 3:31; Joel 2:26; Joel 2:27 ׳עד (ה)ע Ps 28:9; Mal 1:4.
h. of Messianic dynasty and king: ׳(ל)ע Ps 110:4 having divine throne Ps 45:7 name endures Ps 72:17 established Ps 89:38 God blesses him Ps 45:3 of his reign, ׳מעתה ועד ע Isa 9:6.
i. = indefinite, unending future: live ׳לע Gen 3:22 = Job 7:16 יִחְיוּ ׳הנביאים הלע Zech 1:5 the prophets, can they live for ever ? compare ׳חדל לע Ps 49:9 with negative never Ezra 9:12; Prov 27:24.
j. after death: ׳שׁנת ע Jer 51:39; Jer 51:57 ׳בית ע Eccl 12:5 ׳חַיֵּי ע Dan 12:2 ׳דראון ע vDan 12:2 also vDan 12:3; Jonah 2:7; Eccl 2:16; Eccl 9:6.
k. = age (duration) of the world: את העלם נתן בְּלִבָּם Eccl 3:11 the age of the world he hath set, etc. (compare especially Late Hebrew; others i).

1. plural intensive everlastingness, eternity: תשׁועת עולמים Isa 45:17 צדק עלמים Dan 9:24 צור עולמים Isa 26:4 (RVm rock of ages); מלכוּת כל עלמים Ps 145:13 also Ps 61:5; Ps 77:8; 1Kgs 8:13 = 2Chr 6:2. masculine special phrase: (מן) מ(ה)עולם (ו)עד (ה)עולם from everlasting to everlasting, of ׳י Ps 90:2, ׳חסד י Ps 103:17 benedictions 1Chr 16:36 = Ps 106:48; Neh 9:5; 1Chr 29:10; Ps 41:14 the land given למן עולם ועד עולם Jer 7:7; Jer 25:5 מעתה ועד עולם from now and for ever Ps 115:18; Ps 121:8 (i.e. as long as one lives); of people's hope in God Ps 131:3 dynasty of David Isa 9:6 of God's acts, words, etc. Mic 4:7; Isa 59:21; Ps 125:2, compare Ps 113:2 — see further I. עַד p. 723.

עֵילוֺם see עוֺלָם. עֲלָמוֺת see עַלְמָה, II. עלם.

עַלמֿוּת, עַלמֿוּת לַבֵן see עַלְמָה, II. עלם.

BDB9773 H5957 H5769

עָלַם noun [masculine] perpetuity, antiquity (see Biblical Hebrew III> עלם, עוֺלָם); — ׳ע absolute Dan 3:33 +, construct Dan 7:18 emphatic עָֽלְמָא Dan 2:20 +; plural עָֽלְמִין Dan 2:4 +, emphatic עָֽלְמַיָּא Dan 2:44; Dan 7:18 — perpetuity in the future: ׳מַלְכוּת ע Dan 3:33; Dan 7:27, compare Dan 4:31; Dan 7:14 ׳ע as adverb for ever Dan 4:31 עַדעָֽֿלְמָא וְעַדעָֿלַם עָֽלְמַיָּא Dan 7:18 plural ׳לְע for ever Dan 2:4; Dan 2:44; Dan 2:44; Dan 3:9; Dan 5:10; Dan 6:7; Dan 6:22; Dan 6:27 antiquity, מִןיֿוֺמָת עָֽלְמָא Ezra 4:15; Ezra 4:19 of limitless time both past and future: ׳וְעַדעֿ ׳מִןעֿ Dan 2:20.

ever, everlasting, old, perpetual, evermore, …

ʿôlām

properly, concealed, i.e., the vanishing point; generally, time out of mind (past or future), i.e., (practically) eternity; frequentatively, adverbial (especially with prepositional prefix) always

long duration, antiquity, futurity, for ever, ever, everlasting, evermore, perpetual, old, ancient, world

ancient time, long time (of past)

for ever, always

וּ מַזֵּ֤ה

וּ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

מַזֵּ֤ה

Root word sprinkle, sprinkled, sprinkleth

Dictionary form: נָזָה · naw-DZAW

Verb — Hiphil, Participle Active, masculine singular, construct state causative — "he made (someone) do" ongoing action — try "___ing" or "one who ___s"

In the KJV here: unto them that he that sprinkleth

and sprinkle ×8 and he shall sprinkle ×3 shall he sprinkle ×2 and he sprinkled ×1 and shall sprinkle ×1 and sprinkled ×1 it was sprinkled ×1 person shall sprinkle ×1

More options

sprinkle — Direct modernization; best for ritual/liturgical contexts.

splash — Use when liquid is scattered with some force.

spatter — Implies droplets hitting a surface; vivid, physical register.

scatter — Emphasizes dispersal of liquid or substance outward.

spray — Good for mist-like or fine dispersal imagery.

dash — Suits a quick, deliberate flicking motion of liquid.

BDB5094 H5137

I. [נָזָה] verb spurt, spatter; Hiph`il sprinkle (Late Hebrew Hiph`il sprinkle; Aramaic נְדָא, אַדֵּי Lev 4:6 and often, for הִזָּה Syriac is erupit, stillavit Isa 63:3, alsoprominutt, etc. PS²²⁹¹); —

Qal Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִזֶּה Lev 6:20 (twice in verse), וְיֵז Isa 63:3 (but read וַיֵּז Che Di Du Ges^{«GKC:53»§ 53}, p. N., 107 bN. and others), וַיִּז 2Kgs 9:33 — spurt, spatter, always of blood: — וַיִּז מִדָּמָהּ אֶלֿ 2Kgs 9:33 and some of her blood spurted against the wall; so ויז נִצְחָם Isa 63:3 (with — עַלֿ of thing, in metaphor); יִזֶּה מִדָּמָה Lev 6:20, compare v.Lev 6:20 (both with עַלֿ of thing). Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine singular וְהִזָּת consecutive Lev 4:6 + 12 t.; 2 masculine singular וְהִזֵּיתָ֫ Exod 29:21 Imperfect יַזֶּה Lev 16:14 (Isa 52:15 see below); וַיַּז Lev 8:11; Lev 8:30 Imperative הַזֵּה Num 8:7 Participle construct מַזֵּה Num 19:21 — cause to spurt, sprinkle upon, in ceremonials of P: with accusative + עַלֿ person Num 8:7 (water), + עַלֿ of thing, לִפְנֵי Lev 16:15 object often מִן partitive, or implied in context; followed by עַלֿ Lev 5:9; Lev 14:7; Lev 16:14; Lev 16:19 (all of blood); Lev 8:11 (oil); Num 19:18; Num 19:19 (water), Exod 29:21; Lev 8:30 (both blood and oil); followed by אֶלֿ Lev 14:51 (blood and water), אֶלנֹֿכַח פְּנֵי Num 19:4 (blood); followed byלִפְנֵי Lev 4:6; Lev 4:17; Lev 16:14 (blood), Lev 14:16; Lev 14:27 (oil); once without preposition מַזֵּה Num 19:21 the sprinkler of the water. — Isa 52:15 see II.נזה.

BDB5096 H5137

II. [נָזָה] verb (dubious) spring, leap (compare Arabic leap, leap up, upon Thes Frey^Prov Arabic 1, 171. 297; 22, 138; 25, 11); — hence, according to many, Hiph`il Imperfect 3 masculine singular כֵּן יַזֶּה גּוֺיִם רַבִּים Isa 52:15 so shall he cause to leap (i.e. in joyful surprise, or = startle) many nations; but perhaps corrupt; Che^Comm. יַתֵּר in like sense; < יִרְגְּזוּ (for יזהגוים) many shall tremble (v,רגז), GFM^{JBL 1890, 216 ff.} compare Che^Hpt.

נָזִיד see זיד

sprinkle, sprinkled, sprinkleth

nāzâ

to spirt, i.e., besprinkle (especially in expiation)

to spurt, spatter, sprinkle

(Qal) to spurt, spatter

(Hiphil) to cause to leap, startle

מֵֽי

Root word water, waters, watersprings, washing, waterflood, …

Dictionary form: מַיִם · ma-YIM

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: the water

the waters ×92 water ×89 waters ×64 of water ×43 the water ×33 of waters ×19 in water ×15 with water ×14

More options

water — Most versatile; suits singular, collective, or general references.

waters — Prefer for seas, rivers, or poetic/cosmic imagery.

flood — Use when context emphasizes overwhelming or destructive flow.

spring water — Clarifies a natural source when context demands specificity.

washing water — Suits ritual purification or cleansing contexts.

BDB4535 H4325

II. [מוֺ] = מַי water.

BDB4612 H4325

[מַי]₅₈₀ noun masculine^{2Sam 14:14} only plural מַ֫יִם waters, water (Late Hebrew id.; MI²³ [ין]מ; SI⁵ המים; Aramaic מַיָּא, מַיִּין, Assyrian mû, plural mê, also mâmu Dl^{HWB 394}; Arabic Ethiopic , plural ; Sabean [מו], מום plural מון, Minaean [מה], plural מהן DHM^{6th Or. Congr. (Leiden) ii. 1, 451 f.} (see on these forms Ba^{ZMG xiii.1888, 341 ff.})); — מַ֫יִם (מָ֑יִם) Gen 1:2 +; הַמַּ֫יְמָה Exod 7:15; Exod 8:16 construct מֵי Gen 7:7 + 71 t.; מֵימֵי Exod 4:9 + 10 t. + Qr 2Kgs 18:27 = Isa 36:12 suffix מֵימַי Hos 2:7 + 1Sam 25:11 (but read here יֵינִי ᵐ5 Ew Th We Klo Dr Kit Bu); מֵימֶ֫יךָ Exod 23:25 + 3 t.; מֵימָיו Num 20:8 + 6 t.; מֵימֶיהָ Jer 6:7; Jer 50:38 מֵימֵינוּ Lam 5:4 מֵימֵיהֶם Exod 7:19 + 4 t.; — waters, water (c. adjective plural Gen 26:19; Exod 15:10; Lev 14:5; Lev 14:6; Lev 14:50 + often, so always with adjective; also with plural participle Num 5:18; Num 5:19; Num 5:24; 2Kgs 3:20 +; with plural pronoun Num 20:13; Num 27:14; 2Kgs 2:21 +; compare suffix Josh 4:18 before plural verb Gen 1:9; Gen 1:20; Gen 1:21; Gen 7:17 + often; after plural verb Josh 3:13; Isa 28:17; Prov 9:17; Ezek 31:4 +; rarely with singular verb; before, Gen 9:15; Lev 11:34; Num 20:2; Num 24:7; Num 33:14; 2Kgs 3:9 after, Num 19:13; Num 19:20); —

1. a. water of a spring or well (עַיִן, בְּאֵר) Gen 16:7; Gen 24:11; Gen 24:13 (twice in verse); Gen 24:43; Exod 15:27 (twice in verse) (J), Gen 21:19; Gen 21:25; Num 20:17; Num 21:16 (E), etc.; for drinking, also Amos 4:8; Amos 8:11; Jonah 3:7 + often; out of rock Exod 17:6 (E), Num 20:8 (twice in verse); Num 20:10; Num 20:11 (P), Deut 8:15 etc.; מֵי מְרִיבָה (RS^{Semitic i. 165; 2nd ed. 181}) Num 20:13; Num 20:24; Num 27:14 (P), Deut 33:8; Ps 81:8; Ps 106:32 compare Deut 32:51; Ezek 47:19; Ezek 48:28 for washing (hands, feet, person) Gen 18:4; Gen 24:32; Gen 43:24 (J), 2Kgs 3:11; Exod 29:4; Exod 30:20; Lev 15:5; Lev 15:6 + (P); (victims) Lev 1:9; Lev 1:13; Lev 8:21 (P); (vessels) Lev 6:21; Lev 12:32; Lev 12:34 (P); (garments) Lev 15:17; Num 19:8 (P); for cooking Exod 12:9 (P), compare Isa 64:1; Ezek 24:3 (symbolic); for purification Num 8:7 (מֵי חַטָּאת) Num 19:9 (מֵי נִדָּה), compare vNum 19:13 vNum 19:18 vNum 19:20 vNum 19:21 vNum 19:31; Num 31:23 (twice in verse) (all P), Ezek 36:25 (figurative).
b. of a river, Nile Exod 2:10; Exod 4:9 (twice in verse) (J), Jer 2:18 etc.; Jordan Josh 3:8 (D), vJosh 3:15 vJosh 3:16 (JE), etc.; Euphrates Isa 8:7 (figurative), Jer 2:18 Ezekiel's river Ezek 47:1 (twice in verse); Ezek 47:2 +, etc.; of streams, canals, etc., especially, as condition of fertility Deut 8:7; Deut 10:7; Isa 1:30; Prov 30:16; 2Kgs 3:17 +, etc.
c. of sea Amos 5:8; Amos 9:6 Red Sea Exod 15:8; Exod 15:10; Exod 15:19 (song), Exod 14:21; Exod 14:22; Exod 14:26 + (P), Josh 2:10 (D), etc.
d. of flood Gen 7:7; Gen 7:10; Gen 8:3; Gen 8:7; Gen 8:8; Gen 8:9; Gen 8:11 (J), Gen 6:17; Gen 7:6; Gen 7:17; Gen 7:18 (twice in verse); Gen 7:19; Gen 8:5; Gen 9:11; Gen 9:15 (P); so מֵינֹֿחַ Isa 54:9 (twice in verse) waters of Noah.
e. subterranean Exod 20:4 (E), Deut 4:18; Deut 5:8, compare Job 26:5; Ps 136:6. feminine in clouds Jer 10:13; Job 26:8; Ps 29:3 (twice in verse); Ps 104:3; Ps 148:4, etc.
g. of rain Judg 5:4; 2Sam 21:10; Deut 11:11; Ps 65:10; Job 5:10 (|| מָטָר), etc.
h. of dew Judg 6:38.
i. primÊval deep Gen 1:2; Gen 1:6 (P).

2. with proper names, of location (q. v.), to denote springs, streams, or seas belonging to, near, such places: מֵימֵי מִצְרַיִם Exod 7:19; Exod 8:2 מֵי מְרִיבָה (see above 1 a); מֵי מֵרוֺם Josh 11:5; Josh 11:7 מֵי עֵיןשֶֿׁמֶשׁ Josh 15:7 מֵי נֶפְתּוֺחַ Josh 15:9; Josh 18:15 מֵי יְרִיחוֺ Josh 16:1 מֵי מְגִּדּוֺ Judg 5:19 מֵי נִמְרִ(י)ם Isa 15:6; Jer 48:34 מֵי דִימוֺן Isa 15:9 compare מֵי הַשִּׁלֹּחַ Isa 8:6 מֵימֵי גִּיחוֺן הָעֶלְיוֺן 2Chr 32:30 compare also proper name, of a location מִשְׂרְפוֺת מַיִם Josh 11:8; Josh 13:6.

3. special uses are: מֵי רַגְלַיִם water of the feet = urine 2Kgs 18:27 = Isa 36:12 compare מַדְמֵנָה בְּמֵי Isa 25:10 Kt in water of a dunghill (> Qr בְּמוֺ); מַיִם לַחַץ water (which is) distress, because drunk in imprisonment 1Kgs 22:27 (|| לֶחֶם לַחַץ) = 2Chr 18:26 בְּמֵישָֿׁ֑לֶג in snow-water Job 9:30 Qr (Kt במו; Me Hoffm Siegf כְּמוֺ), מֵימֵי שֶׁלֶג Job 24:19 מַיִם קְדשִׁים Num 5:17 holy water (compare RS^{Sem.165, 2nd ed.181}, but text dubious, see Di); מֵי הַמָּרִים bitter water Num 5:18; Num 5:19; Num 5:23; Num 5:24 compare Exod 15:23 (כִּי מָרִים הֵם), opposed to וַיִּמְתְּקוּ הַמַּיִם vExod 15:25 and the waters were sweetened; מֵי חַטָּאת, מֵי נִדָּה see above 1 a; מַיִם חַיִּים living (i.e. running) water Lev 14:5; Lev 14:6; Lev 14:50; Lev 14:51; Lev 14:52; Num 19:17, also (figurative) Zech 14:8 (compare Ezek 47), and (figurative) Jer 2:13; Jer 17:13. See also below (compare Num 21:17; Num 21:18 see RS^{Sem.i.127.157; 2nd ed.135,176}).

4. among figurative uses are:
a. of distress Isa 43:2; Ps 66:12 (|| אֵשׁ), Ps 69:2; Lam 3:54 usually many waters 2Sam 22:17 = Ps 18:17, compare Job 22:11; Ps 32:6; Ps 144:7, or deep waters Ps 69:3; Ps 69:15, compare vPs 69:16 also מֵירֿאֹשׁ water of gall Jer 8:14; Jer 9:14; Jer 23:15.
b. פֶּרֶץ מַיִם 2Sam 5:20 = 1Chr 14:11 of outbursting force.
c. מַיִם שְׁאוֺן Isa 17:12; Isa 17:13 of rushing nations.
d. of what is impetuous, violent, overwhelming Isa 28:2; Isa 28:17; Hos 10:7; Job 27:20; Ps 124:4; Ps 124:5; Ps 88:18 simileof impetuousness פַּחַז כַּמַּיִ ם Gen 49:4.
e. (as running away) of heart in timidity Josh 7:5, compare Ps 22:16, of knees Ezek 7:17; Ezek 21:12. feminine of transitoriness Job 11:16; Job 24:18; Ps 58:8.
g. of refreshment Isa 32:2; Isa 49:10 spiritual Isa 12:3.
h. מֵי מְנֻחוֺת Ps 23:2 in figure of rest and peace, compare Jer 31:9.
i. of reckless bloodshed (poured out like water) Ps 79:3 compare pouring away (and not eating) blood Deut 12:16; Deut 12:24; Deut 15:23.
j. בְּאֵר מַיִם חַיִּים Song 4:15 figurative of bride; מַיִם מִבּוֺרֶ֑ךָ Prov 5:15 of enjoyment of one's own wife; of harlotry מַיִם גְּנוּבִים Prov 9:17 stolen waters.
k. of outpoured wrath of ׳י Hos 5:10.

1. of abundant justice Amos 5:24 masculine of outpoured feelings Job 3:24 שִׁפְכִי כַמַּיִם לִבֵךְ Lam 2:19. — Isa 48:1 read probably מִמְּעֵי for ᵑ0 מִמֵּי, so Secker Du Che^{Hpt Skinner}, compare Di.

water, waters, watersprings, washing, waterflood, …

mayim

water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen

water, waters

water

הַ נִּדָּה֙

הַ

Prefix — article the

נִּדָּה֙

Root word separation, apart, filthiness, flowers, woman, …

Dictionary form: נִדָּה · nid-DAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: of separation

of separation ×6 of her separation ×4 a menstruous ×1 and for uncleanness ×1 and her flowers ×1 as a menstruous woman ×1 as in her separation ×1 as long as she is put apart ×1

More options

impurity — Broadest, most versatile modern rendering across contexts.

ritual uncleanness — Emphasizes the ceremonial/cultic register explicitly.

menstrual period — Preferred when the biological/gynecological referent is clear.

defilement — Stronger moral or polluting connotation; good for metaphorical uses.

exclusion — Highlights the social separation aspect; useful in legal texts.

discharge — Clinical, bodily focus; fits medical or purity-code passages.

BDB4994 H5079

נִדָּה noun feminine impurity (as abhorrent, shunned); — absolute ׳נ Ezek 18:6 +; construct נִדַּת Lev 12:2 +; suffix נִדָּתָהּ vLev 12:5 +; — impurity (especially P and Ezekiel):

1. of ceremonial impurity, as union with brother's wife, Lev 20:21 especially of menstruation Ezek 18:6 (read אִשָּׁה בְּנִדָּתָהּ for ᵑ0 נִדָּה ׳א ᵑ6 Co), ׳טְמֵאַת הַנּ Ezek 22:10, compare Ezek 36:17, נִדַּת דְּוֺתָהּ Lev 12:2, compare vLev 12:5; Lev 15:19; Lev 15:20; Lev 15:24; Lev 15:25 (׳עֶתנִֿדּ), (3 t. in verse), vLev 15:26 (׳מִשְׁכַּב נִדּ), vLev 15:26 (׳טֻמְאַת נִדּ), vLev 15:33; Lev 18:19 of defilement contracted by contact with a corpse, מֵי (הַ)נִּדָּה water of impurity (i.e. to remove it, compare Di) Num 19:9; Num 19:13; Num 19:20; Num 19:21 (twice in verse); Num 31:23.

2. figurative (with allusion to cerem. usage), impure thing, Ezek 7:19; Ezek 7:20 (of gold), Lam 1:17 (of Jerusalem); of idolatry, immorality, etc., 2Chr 29:5; Ezra 9:11 (אֶרֶץ נִדָּה), vEzra 9:11, Zech 13:1 (לְחַטַּאת וּלְנִדָּה).

BDB4995 H5206 H5079

נִידָה noun feminine id. (on form compare Ges^{«GKC:20»§ 20}, 3, R. 1 Kö^{ii. 1, 497}); — of Jerusalem Lam 1:8 (= נִדָּה vLam 1:17).

separation, apart, filthiness, flowers, woman, …

niddâ

properly, rejection; by implication, impurity, especially personal (menstruation) or moral (idolatry, incest)

impurity, filthiness, menstruous, set apart

impurity

of ceremonial impurity

of idolatry, immorality

יְכַבֵּ֣ס

Root word wash, washed, fullers, washing

Dictionary form: כָּבַס · kaw-BAHS

Verb — Piel, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine singular intensive — "he really / thoroughly did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: shall wash

shall wash ×12 and he shall wash ×3 of the fullers ×3 wash ×3 and let them wash ×2 and they washed ×2 of it shall wash ×2 of them shall wash ×2

More options

wash — Most natural modern equivalent; broadly applicable.

launder — Specifically for washing clothes or fabric items.

cleanse — Emphasizes purification; suits ritual/ceremonial contexts.

scrub — Conveys vigorous, thorough washing; more colloquial register.

full — Archaic trade sense; use only for professional cloth-working contexts.

BDB3898 H3526

[כָּבַס]₅₁ verb (tread), wash (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician כבס as participle; Assyrian kabâsu, tread (down), subjugate, kibšu, step, path, Dl^HWB) —

Qal Participle only מְסִלַּת שְׂדֵה כוֺבֵס highway of fuller's (= treader's, washer's) field Isa 7:3; Isa 36:2 = 2Kgs 18:17. Pi`el Perfect וְכִּבֶּס consecutive Lev 13:6 + 11 t.; כִּבֵּס Gen 49:11; 2Sam 19:25, etc.; Imperfect יְכַבֵּס Lev 11:25 + 16 t.; 2 masculine singular suffix תְּכַבְּסֵנִי Ps 51:9, etc.; Imperative suffix כַּבְּסֵנִי Ps 51:4 feminine singular כַּבְּסִי Jer 4:14 Participle plural מְכַבְּסִים Mal 3:2 —

1. wash garments (i.e. by treading) Exod 19:10; Exod 19:14 (E), 2Sam 19:25 figurative of Judah Gen 49:11 elsewhere chiefly P: Lev 6:20; Lev 11:25; Lev 11:28; Lev 13:6; Lev 13:34; Lev 15:11; +; || רָחץ (which = wash person) Lev 14:8; Lev 14:9; Lev 15:5; Lev 15:6; Lev 15:7; Lev 15:8; Lev 15:10; Lev 15:11 + (׳כ in Lev 27 t., || ׳ר 15 t.; in Num 8 t., || ׳ר 3 t.); Participle = fuller (compare Qal), only ׳בֹּרִית מְכ Mal 3:2.

2. wash person, only in poetry and figurative אִם תְּכַבְּסִי בַּנֶּתֶר Jer 2:22 כַּבְּסִי מֵרָעָה לִבֵךְ Jer 4:14 with suffix Ps 51:4 (|| טהר; + מֵעָוֺן); vPs 51:9 (|| חִטֵּא). Pu`al Perfect וְכֻבַּס consecutive Lev 13:58; Lev 15:17 be washed, of garment. Hothpa`al (Ges^{«GKC:54»§ 54}, 3) Infinitive אַחֲרֵי הֻכַּבֵּס אֶתהַֿנֶּגַע Lev 13:55 after the plague is washed out, so vLev 13:56.

wash, washed, fullers, washing

kābas

to trample; hence, to wash (properly, by stamping with the feet), whether literal (including the fulling process) or figurative

to wash (by treading), be washed, perform the work of a fuller

(Qal) washer, fuller, treader (participle)

בְּגָדָ֔י ו

בְּגָדָ֔י

Root word garments, clothes, garment, raiment, cloth, …

ו

Suffix — pronoun his / him / it

Dictionary form: בֶּגֶד · beh-ɡED

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: his clothes

his clothes ×42 garments ×32 his garment ×9 a cloth ×5 his garments ×5 of garments ×5 in the garment ×4 raiment ×4

More options

garment — Most versatile; suits singular, formal, or poetic contexts.

clothing — Best for collective or general reference to dress.

clothes — Everyday plural; natural in narrative prose.

robe — Prefer when a prestigious or ceremonial garment is implied.

cloth — Use when referring to fabric or material, not a worn item.

rags — Marked register; signals worn-out or despised clothing.

BDB902 H899

I. בֶּ֫גֶד noun [masculine] treachery, Isa 24:16; Jer 12:1.

BDB905 H899

II. בֶּ֫גֶד noun masculine (except Lev 6:20 עָלֶיהָ, but Samaritan עליו, compare Di in loco Kö^{i. 182}) garment, covering — Gen 28:2 + 36 t.; suffix בִּגְדוֺ Ezek 9:3 + (14 t. without dag. lene Ges^{Lgb. 94}); plural בְּגָדִים Lev 6:4 + 32 t.; construct בִּגְדֵי Gen 27:15 + 39 t.; suffix בְּגָדֶיךָ 1Kgs 22:20 + 81 t.; בִּגְדֹתֶיךָ Ps 45:9 —

1. garment, clothing, raiment, robe of any kind, from the filthy clothing of the leper to the holy robes of the high priest, the simplest covering of the poor as well as the costly raiment of the rich and noble, used throughout Hebrew Literature: Gen 24:53 (J), Gen 28:20 (E; 14 t. J E), Exod 28:2 + (P 90 t.), Deut 24:17; Judg 8:26 + 4 t., 1Sam 19:13 + 10 t., 1Kgs 1:1 + 23 t., 2Chr 18:9 + (Chronicles 9 t.), Esth 4:1; Esth 4:4; Job 13:28; Job 22:6; Job 37:17; Ps 22:19; Ps 45:9; Ps 102:27; Ps 109:19; Prov 6:27; Prov 20:16; Prov 25:20; Prov 27:13; Eccl 9:8 Isa² Isa 24:16; Isa 36:22; Isa 37:1 Isa³ Isa 50:9 + 10 t.; Jer 12:1 + 3 t., Ezek 16:16 + 13 t.; Joel 2:13; Amos 2:8; Hag 2:12; Zech 3:3; Zech 3:4; Zech 3:5; Zech 14:14 מְלֹא בִגְדוֺ his lapful 2Kgs 4:39.

2. covering, wrapping, of furniture of tabernacle Num 4:6-13 (6 t.); coverlet of a bed 1Sam 19:13.

garments, clothes, garment, raiment, cloth, …

beged

a covering, also treachery or pillage

treachery, deceit

וְ הַ נֹּגֵ֙עַ֙

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

הַ

Prefix — article the

נֹּגֵ֙עַ֙

Root word toucheth, touch, touched, come, came, …

Dictionary form: נָגַע · naw-ɡA

Verb — Qal, Participle Active, masculine singular, absolute state simple action — "he did" ongoing action — try "___ing" or "one who ___s"

In the KJV here: and he that toucheth

toucheth ×20 touch ×13 and touched ×7 touched ×7 came ×5 and touch ×3 hath touched ×3 he that toucheth ×3

More options

touch — Most common, neutral sense; physical or metaphorical contact.

reach — Prefer when extending toward or arriving at a boundary.

strike — Use when contact carries force or affliction.

come near — Highlights approach or proximity rather than contact itself.

affect — Good for abstract or emotional impact contexts.

afflict — Best when God or plague is the subject causing harm.

BDB4976 H5060

נָגַע :150 verb touch, reach, strike (Late Hebrew id.; Arabic is agree with one (of food), produce effect; Aramaic נְגַע Ithpa`al be struck (that is, with leprosy), compare Pi`el below); —

Qal Perfect ׳נ Gen 32:33 +; נָָֽגְעָה Judg 20:41 +; 1 plural suffix נְנַעֲנוּךָ Gen 26:29 Imperfect יִגַּע Lev 5:3 +; וַיִּגַּע Gen 32:26 +, etc.; Imperative גַּע Ps 144:5 + 2 t.; Infinitive construct נְגֹעַ, לִנְגּוֺעַ Gen 20:6 + 3 t.; גַּ֫עַת 2Sam 14:10; Ezek 17:10 suffix נָגְעֵךְ Ruth 2:9 etc.; Participle active נֹגֵעַ 1Kgs 19:5 +; נֹגְעִים Jer 12:14 feminine נֹגַ֫עַת Num 19:22 + 2 t.; plural נֹגְעֹת 1Kgs 6:27 passive נָגוּעַ Ps 73:14; Isa 53:4 —

1. a. touch, usually followed by בְּ Gen 3:3 (J), Gen 32:25; Gen 32:33; Exod 19:12 (twice in verse); Exod 19:13 (all E), Exod 29:37; Exod 30:20 (P), Lev 5:2; Lev 5:3 + 25 t. Leviticus; Num 16:26 + 7 t. Numbers (P) + Num 19:22 (no בְּ or object), Deut 14:8; Judg 6:21; 2Sam 23:7; 1Kgs 6:27 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 19:5; 1Kgs 19:7; 2Kgs 13:21; Esth 5:2; Dan 8:5; Dan 8:18; Lam 4:14 followed by אֶלֿ Hag 2:12; Num 4:15; 1Kgs 6:27; Dan 9:21, compare Hos 4:2 compare עַלפֶּֿה Isa 6:7 עַלשָֿׂפָה Dan 10:16 compare accusative Isa 52:11 absolute (no object expressed) Job 6:7; Lam 4:15.
b. of ׳י touching earth, mountains, etc., followed by בְּ Amos 9:5; Ps 104:32; Ps 144:5 figurative of ׳י touching the heart, followed by בְּ 1Sam 10:26.

2. nearly = strike, passive stricken, Ps 73:14; Isa 53:4 || מֻכֶּה), of wind Job 1:19; Ezek 17:10 of divine chastisement 1Sam 6:9; Job 1:11; Job 19:21 followed by אֶל Job 2:5.

3. touch = harm, followed by. בְּ, Gen 26:11 (J), Josh 9:19; 2Sam 14:10; 1Chr 16:22 || הָרֵעַ) = Ps 105:15; Jer 12:14; Zech 2:12 (twice in verse); followed by. אֶלֿ Gen 20:6 (touch a woman), so Prov 6:29 (followed by בְּ); followed by. accusative Gen 26:29 (J, suffix), so Ruth 2:9 see also Job 5:19 (subject רַע, followed by בְּ), Judg 20:34; Judg 20:41 (both subject רָעָה, followed by עַלֿ).

4. reach, extend to, 2Sam 5:8, followed by בְּ (but corrupt see Dr HPS); in metaphor, followed by עַד, of vine Isa 16:8; Jer 48:32 of sword Jer 4:10, compare vJer 4:18 of chastisement Mic 1:9, compare Job 4:5 (|| בּוֺא אֶלֿ); also (followed by אֶל) Jer 51:9 = come, followed by אֶלֿ Jonah 3:6 arrive (of time), absolute Ezra 3:1; Neh 7:73.

Niph`al Imperfect וַיִּנָָּֽנְעוּ Josh 8:15 be stricken, defeated (in battle), i.e. feign to be so, but read probably וַיִּנָָּֽגְפוּ, see נגף Niph`al

Pi`el Perfect suffix נִגְּעוֺ 2Chr 26:20 strike (with leprosy, 2 accusative), subject ׳י; so Imperfect וַיְנַגַּע 2Kgs 15:5; Gen 12:17 (subject ׳י; accusative of person + accusative of cognate meaning).

Pu`al Imperfect יְנֻגָּע֑וּ be sticken by diseases (?; compare Pi`el and נֶגַע

2. 3. especially 2Sam 7:14) Ps 73:5.

Hiph`il Perfect הִגִּיעַ Isa 25:12 + 6 t.; 2 feminine singular הִגַּ֫עַתְּ Esth 4:14 1 singular suffix וְהִגַּעְתִּ֫יהוּ Ezek 13:14, etc.; Imperfect יַגִּיעַ Isa 8:8 + 3 t.; וַיַּגַּע Isa 6:7; Jer 1:9, etc.; Infinitive construct הַגִּיעַ Esth 2:12; Esth 2:15 Participle מַגִּיעַ Gen 28:12 +; feminine מַגַּ֫עַת 2Chr 3:11 — cause to touch; reach, approach, arrive:

1. cause to touch, apply, Exod 12:22) (J E; מִדָּם, אֶלֿ); cause to touch (compare עַד עָפָר, לָאָרֶץ), i.e. bring to ground, Isa 25:5; Isa 25:12, compare Lam 2:2; Ezek 13:14 (followed by אֶלֿ), Exod 4:25 (J; followed by לְרַגְלָיו); followed by עַלפֶּֿה Isa 6:7; Jer 1:9 followed by בְּ Isa 5:8.

2. intransitive reach, extend, Gen 28:12 (followed by ָ ה locative); followed by אֶלֿ Zech 14:5, followed by עַד Isa 8:8 compare ׳תַּגּ יָדוֺ דֵּי שֶׂה Lev 5:7 if his hand do not reach enough for a lamb (i.e. he be not able to furnish a lamb); followed by לְ Job 20:6 (hyperbole) 2Chr 3:11 (twice in verse); 2Chr 3:12 followed by עַד לְ 2Chr 28:9 attain, followed by לְ Esth 4:14, arrive, come, followed by accusative of location Isa 30:4; Esth 4:3; Esth 8:17, followed by לְ (of time) Dan 12:12, followed by אֶלֿ 1Sam 14:9, followed by עַדֿ Ps 107:18, absolute Esth 6:14 followed by אֵצֶל Dan 8:7.

3. approach, of time, absolute Eccl 12:1; Song 2:12; Ezek 7:12 (|| בּוֺא); see also Esth 9:1 (followed by Infinitive), compare Esth 2:12; Esth 2:15; Ps 88:4 (followed by לְ).

4. of fate or lot, = befal, followed by אֶלֿ Esth 9:26; Eccl 8:14 (twice in verse); Ps 32:6.

toucheth, touch, touched, come, came, …

nāgaʿ

properly, to touch, i.e., lay the hand upon (for any purpose; euphemistically, to lie with a woman); by implication, to reach (figuratively, to arrive, acquire); violently, to strike (punish, defeat, destroy, etc.)

to touch, reach, strike

(Qal)

to touch

stricken (participle)

to cause to touch, apply

בְּ מֵ֣י

בְּ

Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with

מֵ֣י

Root word water, waters, watersprings, washing, waterflood, …

Dictionary form: מַיִם · ma-YIM

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: the water

the waters ×92 water ×89 waters ×64 of water ×43 the water ×33 of waters ×19 in water ×15 with water ×14

More options

water — Most versatile; suits singular, collective, or general references.

waters — Prefer for seas, rivers, or poetic/cosmic imagery.

flood — Use when context emphasizes overwhelming or destructive flow.

spring water — Clarifies a natural source when context demands specificity.

washing water — Suits ritual purification or cleansing contexts.

BDB4535 H4325

II. [מוֺ] = מַי water.

BDB4612 H4325

[מַי]₅₈₀ noun masculine^{2Sam 14:14} only plural מַ֫יִם waters, water (Late Hebrew id.; MI²³ [ין]מ; SI⁵ המים; Aramaic מַיָּא, מַיִּין, Assyrian mû, plural mê, also mâmu Dl^{HWB 394}; Arabic Ethiopic , plural ; Sabean [מו], מום plural מון, Minaean [מה], plural מהן DHM^{6th Or. Congr. (Leiden) ii. 1, 451 f.} (see on these forms Ba^{ZMG xiii.1888, 341 ff.})); — מַ֫יִם (מָ֑יִם) Gen 1:2 +; הַמַּ֫יְמָה Exod 7:15; Exod 8:16 construct מֵי Gen 7:7 + 71 t.; מֵימֵי Exod 4:9 + 10 t. + Qr 2Kgs 18:27 = Isa 36:12 suffix מֵימַי Hos 2:7 + 1Sam 25:11 (but read here יֵינִי ᵐ5 Ew Th We Klo Dr Kit Bu); מֵימֶ֫יךָ Exod 23:25 + 3 t.; מֵימָיו Num 20:8 + 6 t.; מֵימֶיהָ Jer 6:7; Jer 50:38 מֵימֵינוּ Lam 5:4 מֵימֵיהֶם Exod 7:19 + 4 t.; — waters, water (c. adjective plural Gen 26:19; Exod 15:10; Lev 14:5; Lev 14:6; Lev 14:50 + often, so always with adjective; also with plural participle Num 5:18; Num 5:19; Num 5:24; 2Kgs 3:20 +; with plural pronoun Num 20:13; Num 27:14; 2Kgs 2:21 +; compare suffix Josh 4:18 before plural verb Gen 1:9; Gen 1:20; Gen 1:21; Gen 7:17 + often; after plural verb Josh 3:13; Isa 28:17; Prov 9:17; Ezek 31:4 +; rarely with singular verb; before, Gen 9:15; Lev 11:34; Num 20:2; Num 24:7; Num 33:14; 2Kgs 3:9 after, Num 19:13; Num 19:20); —

1. a. water of a spring or well (עַיִן, בְּאֵר) Gen 16:7; Gen 24:11; Gen 24:13 (twice in verse); Gen 24:43; Exod 15:27 (twice in verse) (J), Gen 21:19; Gen 21:25; Num 20:17; Num 21:16 (E), etc.; for drinking, also Amos 4:8; Amos 8:11; Jonah 3:7 + often; out of rock Exod 17:6 (E), Num 20:8 (twice in verse); Num 20:10; Num 20:11 (P), Deut 8:15 etc.; מֵי מְרִיבָה (RS^{Semitic i. 165; 2nd ed. 181}) Num 20:13; Num 20:24; Num 27:14 (P), Deut 33:8; Ps 81:8; Ps 106:32 compare Deut 32:51; Ezek 47:19; Ezek 48:28 for washing (hands, feet, person) Gen 18:4; Gen 24:32; Gen 43:24 (J), 2Kgs 3:11; Exod 29:4; Exod 30:20; Lev 15:5; Lev 15:6 + (P); (victims) Lev 1:9; Lev 1:13; Lev 8:21 (P); (vessels) Lev 6:21; Lev 12:32; Lev 12:34 (P); (garments) Lev 15:17; Num 19:8 (P); for cooking Exod 12:9 (P), compare Isa 64:1; Ezek 24:3 (symbolic); for purification Num 8:7 (מֵי חַטָּאת) Num 19:9 (מֵי נִדָּה), compare vNum 19:13 vNum 19:18 vNum 19:20 vNum 19:21 vNum 19:31; Num 31:23 (twice in verse) (all P), Ezek 36:25 (figurative).
b. of a river, Nile Exod 2:10; Exod 4:9 (twice in verse) (J), Jer 2:18 etc.; Jordan Josh 3:8 (D), vJosh 3:15 vJosh 3:16 (JE), etc.; Euphrates Isa 8:7 (figurative), Jer 2:18 Ezekiel's river Ezek 47:1 (twice in verse); Ezek 47:2 +, etc.; of streams, canals, etc., especially, as condition of fertility Deut 8:7; Deut 10:7; Isa 1:30; Prov 30:16; 2Kgs 3:17 +, etc.
c. of sea Amos 5:8; Amos 9:6 Red Sea Exod 15:8; Exod 15:10; Exod 15:19 (song), Exod 14:21; Exod 14:22; Exod 14:26 + (P), Josh 2:10 (D), etc.
d. of flood Gen 7:7; Gen 7:10; Gen 8:3; Gen 8:7; Gen 8:8; Gen 8:9; Gen 8:11 (J), Gen 6:17; Gen 7:6; Gen 7:17; Gen 7:18 (twice in verse); Gen 7:19; Gen 8:5; Gen 9:11; Gen 9:15 (P); so מֵינֹֿחַ Isa 54:9 (twice in verse) waters of Noah.
e. subterranean Exod 20:4 (E), Deut 4:18; Deut 5:8, compare Job 26:5; Ps 136:6. feminine in clouds Jer 10:13; Job 26:8; Ps 29:3 (twice in verse); Ps 104:3; Ps 148:4, etc.
g. of rain Judg 5:4; 2Sam 21:10; Deut 11:11; Ps 65:10; Job 5:10 (|| מָטָר), etc.
h. of dew Judg 6:38.
i. primÊval deep Gen 1:2; Gen 1:6 (P).

2. with proper names, of location (q. v.), to denote springs, streams, or seas belonging to, near, such places: מֵימֵי מִצְרַיִם Exod 7:19; Exod 8:2 מֵי מְרִיבָה (see above 1 a); מֵי מֵרוֺם Josh 11:5; Josh 11:7 מֵי עֵיןשֶֿׁמֶשׁ Josh 15:7 מֵי נֶפְתּוֺחַ Josh 15:9; Josh 18:15 מֵי יְרִיחוֺ Josh 16:1 מֵי מְגִּדּוֺ Judg 5:19 מֵי נִמְרִ(י)ם Isa 15:6; Jer 48:34 מֵי דִימוֺן Isa 15:9 compare מֵי הַשִּׁלֹּחַ Isa 8:6 מֵימֵי גִּיחוֺן הָעֶלְיוֺן 2Chr 32:30 compare also proper name, of a location מִשְׂרְפוֺת מַיִם Josh 11:8; Josh 13:6.

3. special uses are: מֵי רַגְלַיִם water of the feet = urine 2Kgs 18:27 = Isa 36:12 compare מַדְמֵנָה בְּמֵי Isa 25:10 Kt in water of a dunghill (> Qr בְּמוֺ); מַיִם לַחַץ water (which is) distress, because drunk in imprisonment 1Kgs 22:27 (|| לֶחֶם לַחַץ) = 2Chr 18:26 בְּמֵישָֿׁ֑לֶג in snow-water Job 9:30 Qr (Kt במו; Me Hoffm Siegf כְּמוֺ), מֵימֵי שֶׁלֶג Job 24:19 מַיִם קְדשִׁים Num 5:17 holy water (compare RS^{Sem.165, 2nd ed.181}, but text dubious, see Di); מֵי הַמָּרִים bitter water Num 5:18; Num 5:19; Num 5:23; Num 5:24 compare Exod 15:23 (כִּי מָרִים הֵם), opposed to וַיִּמְתְּקוּ הַמַּיִם vExod 15:25 and the waters were sweetened; מֵי חַטָּאת, מֵי נִדָּה see above 1 a; מַיִם חַיִּים living (i.e. running) water Lev 14:5; Lev 14:6; Lev 14:50; Lev 14:51; Lev 14:52; Num 19:17, also (figurative) Zech 14:8 (compare Ezek 47), and (figurative) Jer 2:13; Jer 17:13. See also below (compare Num 21:17; Num 21:18 see RS^{Sem.i.127.157; 2nd ed.135,176}).

4. among figurative uses are:
a. of distress Isa 43:2; Ps 66:12 (|| אֵשׁ), Ps 69:2; Lam 3:54 usually many waters 2Sam 22:17 = Ps 18:17, compare Job 22:11; Ps 32:6; Ps 144:7, or deep waters Ps 69:3; Ps 69:15, compare vPs 69:16 also מֵירֿאֹשׁ water of gall Jer 8:14; Jer 9:14; Jer 23:15.
b. פֶּרֶץ מַיִם 2Sam 5:20 = 1Chr 14:11 of outbursting force.
c. מַיִם שְׁאוֺן Isa 17:12; Isa 17:13 of rushing nations.
d. of what is impetuous, violent, overwhelming Isa 28:2; Isa 28:17; Hos 10:7; Job 27:20; Ps 124:4; Ps 124:5; Ps 88:18 simileof impetuousness פַּחַז כַּמַּיִ ם Gen 49:4.
e. (as running away) of heart in timidity Josh 7:5, compare Ps 22:16, of knees Ezek 7:17; Ezek 21:12. feminine of transitoriness Job 11:16; Job 24:18; Ps 58:8.
g. of refreshment Isa 32:2; Isa 49:10 spiritual Isa 12:3.
h. מֵי מְנֻחוֺת Ps 23:2 in figure of rest and peace, compare Jer 31:9.
i. of reckless bloodshed (poured out like water) Ps 79:3 compare pouring away (and not eating) blood Deut 12:16; Deut 12:24; Deut 15:23.
j. בְּאֵר מַיִם חַיִּים Song 4:15 figurative of bride; מַיִם מִבּוֺרֶ֑ךָ Prov 5:15 of enjoyment of one's own wife; of harlotry מַיִם גְּנוּבִים Prov 9:17 stolen waters.
k. of outpoured wrath of ׳י Hos 5:10.

1. of abundant justice Amos 5:24 masculine of outpoured feelings Job 3:24 שִׁפְכִי כַמַּיִם לִבֵךְ Lam 2:19. — Isa 48:1 read probably מִמְּעֵי for ᵑ0 מִמֵּי, so Secker Du Che^{Hpt Skinner}, compare Di.

water, waters, watersprings, washing, waterflood, …

mayim

water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen

water, waters

water

הַ נִּדָּ֔ה

הַ

Prefix — article the

נִּדָּ֔ה

Root word separation, apart, filthiness, flowers, woman, …

Dictionary form: נִדָּה · nid-DAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: of separation

of separation ×6 of her separation ×4 a menstruous ×1 and for uncleanness ×1 and her flowers ×1 as a menstruous woman ×1 as in her separation ×1 as long as she is put apart ×1

More options

impurity — Broadest, most versatile modern rendering across contexts.

ritual uncleanness — Emphasizes the ceremonial/cultic register explicitly.

menstrual period — Preferred when the biological/gynecological referent is clear.

defilement — Stronger moral or polluting connotation; good for metaphorical uses.

exclusion — Highlights the social separation aspect; useful in legal texts.

discharge — Clinical, bodily focus; fits medical or purity-code passages.

BDB4994 H5079

נִדָּה noun feminine impurity (as abhorrent, shunned); — absolute ׳נ Ezek 18:6 +; construct נִדַּת Lev 12:2 +; suffix נִדָּתָהּ vLev 12:5 +; — impurity (especially P and Ezekiel):

1. of ceremonial impurity, as union with brother's wife, Lev 20:21 especially of menstruation Ezek 18:6 (read אִשָּׁה בְּנִדָּתָהּ for ᵑ0 נִדָּה ׳א ᵑ6 Co), ׳טְמֵאַת הַנּ Ezek 22:10, compare Ezek 36:17, נִדַּת דְּוֺתָהּ Lev 12:2, compare vLev 12:5; Lev 15:19; Lev 15:20; Lev 15:24; Lev 15:25 (׳עֶתנִֿדּ), (3 t. in verse), vLev 15:26 (׳מִשְׁכַּב נִדּ), vLev 15:26 (׳טֻמְאַת נִדּ), vLev 15:33; Lev 18:19 of defilement contracted by contact with a corpse, מֵי (הַ)נִּדָּה water of impurity (i.e. to remove it, compare Di) Num 19:9; Num 19:13; Num 19:20; Num 19:21 (twice in verse); Num 31:23.

2. figurative (with allusion to cerem. usage), impure thing, Ezek 7:19; Ezek 7:20 (of gold), Lam 1:17 (of Jerusalem); of idolatry, immorality, etc., 2Chr 29:5; Ezra 9:11 (אֶרֶץ נִדָּה), vEzra 9:11, Zech 13:1 (לְחַטַּאת וּלְנִדָּה).

BDB4995 H5206 H5079

נִידָה noun feminine id. (on form compare Ges^{«GKC:20»§ 20}, 3, R. 1 Kö^{ii. 1, 497}); — of Jerusalem Lam 1:8 (= נִדָּה vLam 1:17).

separation, apart, filthiness, flowers, woman, …

niddâ

properly, rejection; by implication, impurity, especially personal (menstruation) or moral (idolatry, incest)

impurity, filthiness, menstruous, set apart

impurity

of ceremonial impurity

of idolatry, immorality

יִטְמָ֖א

Root word unclean, defiled, defile, polluted, pollute, …

Dictionary form: טָמֵא · taw-MAY

Verb — Qal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: shall be unclean

shall be unclean ×19 and be unclean ×18 shall pronounce him unclean ×7 defile ×5 defiled ×5 is defiled ×4 it shall be unclean ×4 be defiled ×3

More options

defile — Most versatile; suits ritual and moral contamination alike.

make unclean — Clearer causative rendering when the agent is explicit.

contaminate — Good for physical or priestly-purity contexts.

pollute — Stronger moral or cultic overtone; fits communal violations.

desecrate — Prefer when a sacred person, object, or space is violated.

be declared impure — Fits priestly pronouncement scenes; formal/legal register.

BDB3346 H2930

I. טָמֵא verb be or become unclean (Late Hebrew Pi`el pollute (ceremonially); Aramaic טְמָא and especially derivatives, Pa`el pollute; see RS^{K 307 ff.}) —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳ט Lev 11:25 + 22 t.; 3 feminine singular טָֽמְאָה Lev 12:2 + 2 t.; 2 feminine singular טָמֵאת Ezek 22:4 plural טָֽמְאוּ Lev 15:18 Imperfect יִטְמָא Lev 5:3 + 34 t.; 3 feminine singular תִּטְמָא Lev 12:2 + 4 t.; plural יִטְמְאוּ Ps 106:39 Infinitive טָמְאָה Lev 15:32 + 6 t.; — be or become unclean:

1. sexually, with בְּ Lev 18:20; Lev 18:23 (H), Ezek 23:17 the land Lev 18:25; Lev 18:27 (H).

2. religiously, with idols Ezek 22:3 with בְ vEzek 22:4 with necromancers Lev 19:31 (H); by sacrificing children to idols Ps 106:39.

3. ceremonially, by contact with carcasses of unclean animals Lev 11:24; Lev 11:27; Lev 11:28; Lev 11:31; Lev 11:32; Lev 11:33; Lev 11:34 (twice in verse); Lev 11:35; Lev 11:36; Lev 11:40 (P); any carcass Lev 17:15 (H); eating of a carcass Lev 22:8 (H); by issues Lev 15:4; Lev 15:9; Lev 15:20 (twice in verse); Lev 15:24; Lev 15:27; Lev 15:32 (P); by contact with an unclean man Lev 5:3; Lev 15:4 (P), Lev 22:5 (H), or thing Lev 22:6 (H); by leprosy Lev 13:14; Lev 13:46; Lev 14:36; Lev 14:46 (P); by contact with the dead Num 6:12; Num 19:20 (P), Ezek 44:25, or with one unclean by such contact Num 19:22 (P), Hag 2:13 (twice in verse); by contact with creeping things Lev 22:5 (H); certain animals were always unclean Lev 11:26; Lev 11:27 (P). In ordinary cases of uncleanness טמא עד הערב unclean till even Lev 11:24; Lev 11:25; Lev 11:27; Lev 11:28; Lev 11:31; Lev 11:32; Lev 11:39; Lev 11:40 (twice in verse); Lev 14:46; Lev 15:5; Lev 15:6; Lev 15:7; Lev 15:8; Lev 15:10 (twice in verse); Lev 15:11; Lev 15:16; Lev 15:17; Lev 15:18; Lev 15:19; Lev 15:21; Lev 15:22; Lev 15:23; Lev 15:27; Num 19:7; Num 19:8; Num 19:10; Num 19:21; Num 19:22 (all P), Lev 17:15; Lev 22:6 (H); but uncleanness lasted 7 days for woman bearings a son Lev 12:2 (twice in verse) (P), for lying with woman having an issue Lev 15:24 (P), or one coming in contact with the dead Num 19:11; Num 19:14; Num 19:16 (P); it lasted 14 days for a woman bearing a daughter Lev 12:5 (P). Niph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular נִטְמָא Hos 5:3; Hos 6:10 3 feminine singular נִטְמְאָה Num 5:27; Num 5:28 נִטְמָ֑אָה Num 5:13 + 5 t.; 1 singular נִטְמֵאתִי Jer 2:23 2 masculine plural נִטְמֵתֶם Lev 11:43 (א omitted by scribal error; but Ges and others derive from טמה), etc. + 4 t. perfect; Participle plural נִטְמְאִים Ezek 20:30; Ezek 20:31 — defile oneself, be defiled:

1. sexually, Lev 18:24 (H), Num 5:13; Num 5:14 (twice in verse); Num 5:20; Num 5:27; Num 5:28; Num 5:29 (P).

2. by idolatry conceived as whoredom Hos 5:3; Hos 6:10; Jer 2:23; Ezek 20:30; Ezek 20:31; Ezek 20:43; Ezek 23:7; Ezek 23:13; Ezek 23:30.

3. ceremonially, by eating creeping things Lev 11:43.

4. be regarded as unclean (compare Pi`el 4), probably נִטְמִינִוּ Job 18:3 we are accounted as unclean; metal. from; on another view see טמה. Pi`el Perfect טִמֵּא Gen 34:5 + 15 t.; suffix טִמְּאוֺ Lev 13:8 + 3 t.; 2 feminine singular טִמֵּאת Ezek 5:11, etc. + 7 t. Perfect; Imperfect יְטַמֵּא 2Kgs 23:8, etc. + 12 t. Imperfect; Imperative plural טַמְּאוּ Ezek 9:7 Infinitive טַמֵּא Lev 13:44 + 2 t.; suffix טַמְּאָם Lev 15:31, etc. + 4 t. Infinitive; — defile:

1. sexually Gen 34:5; Gen 34:13; Gen 34:27 (R), Ezek 18:6; Ezek 18:11; Ezek 18:15; Ezek 22:11; Ezek 33:26 the land by sexual impurities of the people Lev 18:28 (H); Israel by spiritual whoredom Ezek 23:17.

2. religiously: the land by bloodshed Num 35:34 (P); by allowing the dead body of the murderer to hang on the tree over night Deut 21:23 by idolatry Jer 2:7; Ezek 36:17; Ezek 36:18 Israel defiled the sacred places by the sacrifice of children Lev 20:3 (H), Ezek 23:38, and God defiled him thereby Ezek 20:26 he defileth the sacred places by idolatry 2Chr 36:14; Jer 7:30 = Jer 32:34, Ezek 5:11 the holy name of ׳י Ezek 43:7; Ezek 43:8 Josiah defiled the idolatrous places of worship by destroying them and making them unfit for use 2Kgs 23:8; 2Kgs 23:10; 2Kgs 23:13; 2Kgs 23:16 of Israel defiling idolatrous images Isa 30:22, and the nations the temple of God Ps 79:1.

3. ceremonially: by ceremonial uncleanness, the sacred places Lev 15:31; Num 19:13; Num 19:20 (P); the camp Num 5:3 (P); the temple by dead bodies Ezek 9:7 the Nazirite's head of separation by a death occurring in his presence Num 6:9 (P); the people defile themselves (נפשׁתיכם) by creeping things Lev 11:44 (P).

4. pronounce or declare ceremonially unclean: the leper Lev 13:3; Lev 13:8; Lev 13:11; Lev 13:15; Lev 13:20; Lev 13:22; Lev 13:25; Lev 13:27; Lev 13:30; Lev 13:44 (twice in verse); Lev 13:59 (P); unclean animals Lev 20:25 (H). Pu`al Participle נַפְשִׁי לֹא מְטֻמָּאָה Ezek 4:14 myself is not polluted. Hithpa`el Imperfect יִטַּמָּא Lev 21:1 + 4 t.; plural יִטַּמְּאוּ Ezek 14:11; Ezek 37:23 יִטַּמָּ֑אוּ Hos 9:4; Ezek 44:25, etc. + 6 t. Imperfect — reflexive, defile oneself: by eating of an unaccepted peace-offering Hos 9:4 with בְּ Lev 18:24; Lev 18:30 (H), Lev 11:43 (P), Ezek 14:11; Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:18; Ezek 37:23 with לְ for a dead person Lev 21:1; Lev 21:3; Lev 21:11 (H), Num 6:7 (P); by Lev 11:24 (P); without preposition Lev 21:4 (H), Ezek 44:25. Hothpa`al Perfect אַחֲרֵי אֲשֶׁר חֻטַּמָּ֑אָה Deut 24:4 after that she has been defiled (sexually); on form see Ges^{«GKC:54»§ 54}. 3.

BDB3349 H2930 H2932

טָמְאָה noun feminine uncleanness (טָֽמְאָה, Bear, seems to rest upon a misinterpretation of the form) Mic 2:10 (so Thes MV SS); of ethical uncleanness, from wrong-doing.

unclean, defiled, defile, polluted, pollute, …

ṭāmēʾ

to be foul, especially in a ceremial or moral sense (contaminated)

to be unclean, become unclean, become impure

(Qal) to be or become unclean

sexually

to defile oneself, be defiled

sexually

to defile

sexually

עַד

Preposition unto, until, to, till, for, …

Dictionary form: עַד · ad

Preposition

In the KJV here: until

until ×237 unto ×233 even unto ×103 to ×79 till ×62 even to ×58 for ×51 how long ×38

More options

until — Best for temporal boundary; most common usage.

up to — Spatial or quantitative limit; modern and versatile.

as far as — Spatial extent; prefer for geographic/directional contexts.

through — Inclusive endpoint; useful when the limit is included.

as long as — Durative sense; prefer for sustained time expressions.

even to — Emphatic reach; signals surprising or extreme extent.

BDB5808 H5704

III. עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי ( Num 24:20; Num 24:24; Ps 104:23; Ps 147:6; Job 7:4; Job 20:5, and in עֲדֵי עַד Isa 26:4; Isa 65:18; Ps 83:18; Ps 92:8; Ps 132:12; Ps 132:14:compare אֱלֵי, עֲלֵי), preposition as far as, even to, up to, until, while (Aramaic עד, Sabean עד, עדי, Mordtm^{ZMG xxx (1876), 27}; DHM^{xxxvii (1883), 414}, Assyrian adi Dl^{§ 81 a} (Arabic is except); perh akin to pass on, advance to, Kö^{ii. 304, 309:} עֲדֵי probably from ground-form ±¦d¦y, Ol^{428, 431} Kö^{ii. 309 ff.}; but Lag^{Sym. ii. 101-3, Mitth. i. 231 f.}, as plur. like אַחֲרֵי); — with suffix עָדַי Num 23:18 +, עָדֶיךָ Mic 4:8 +, etc., עָֽדיֵכֵם Job 32:12; 2Kgs 9:18 עַדהֵֿם occurs; — as far as, even to (differing from אֶל in that the limit is included, as in Arabic Fl^{Kl. Schr. i. 402 f.}):

I. preposition 1. of space; —
a. Gen 11:31 ויבאו עד חרן as far as Haran, Gen 12:6; Gen 13:3; Gen 13:12 + often, Isa 8:8 עד צואר יגעַ, Isa 15:4 עד יהץ נשׁמע קולם, Isa 25:12; Isa 26:5; Ps 36:6 אמונתך עד שׁחקים, Ps 69:2 דאו מים עד נפשׁ (compare Jonah 2:6; Mic 1:9; Jer 4:10; Jer 4:18), Jer 90:3 תָּשֵׁד אֱנוֺשׁ עַד דַּכָּא Job 11:7, etc.; pregnantly Ps 118:27 ׳אִסְדוּ חָג עַד וגו bind . . . (and lead) up to . . .; Isa 57:9 עַד מֵרָחוק even to afar (מִן 1 c); with the goal a person, Exod 22:8 עד האלהים יָבאֹ דְבַר שְׁנֵיהֶם, 1Sam 9:9; Ps 65:3 עָדֶיךָ כָלבָּֿשָׂר יָבאֹוּ Isa 45:24; Job 4:5, ׳שׁוּב עַד י Hos 14:2 al. (see שׁוּב, stronger than ׳שׁוּב אֶליֿ); in poetry Num 24:20 וְאַחֲדִיתוֺ עֲדֵי אֹבֵד shall be even unto destruction, shall issue in destruction, vNum 24:24 rarely with verbs of attending, הֶאֱזִין עַד Num 23:18, הִתְבּוֺנֵן עַד Job 32:12; Job 38:18 (usually אֶל). Before another perp., 1Sam 7:11 ׳עַד מִתַּחַת ל 1Kgs 4:12 ׳עַד מֵעֵבֶר ל, עַד מֵעַל Ezek 41:20, עַד לִפְנֵי Esth 4:2, and even (si vera. l.) עַד אְלֵיהֶם 2Kgs 9:20:compare עַד נֶגֶד Neh 3:16; Neh 3:26, עַד נֹכַח Judg 19:10 +.

b. In the combination מִן ֗֗֗ (וְ)עַד, as Gen 10:19 מצידון ֗֗֗ עַד עַזָּה from Sidon . . . as far as Gaza + often (see מן 5 a); and idiomatic, not of actual space, but of class of objects, to express the idea of both... and, as Gen 19:4 מִנַּעַר וְעַד זָקִן from young to old (inclusively) = both young and old (see מִן 5 b); without מִן, even to = including, Lev 11:42; Num 8:4 even to (i. e. including) it base and its flower, compare 1Sam 18:4.

2. Of time:
a. (a) even to, until Gen 8:5 even to the 10th month, Exod 12:6 unto the 14th day, etc., vExod 12:15 vExod 12:18, etc.; עד היום unto this day, Gen 19:37; Gen 19:38, עד היום הזה Gen 26:33; Gen 32:33, both + often; עד יום followed by infinitive Exod 40:37; Josh 6:10; Judg 18:30 עד בקר till morning, Exod 12:10 + (15 t.), עד הבקר Exod 16:23 + (11 t.); so עד (ה)ערב Exod 18:13; Exod 18:14 +, in poetry עֲרֵי ערב Ps 104:23 עַד עוֺלָם Gen 13:15 + often; עַד שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים 2Kgs 4:35 עַד דּוֺר וָדוֺר Isa 13:20 see also בְּלִי, and בִּלְתִּי, near the end and followed by another preposition, Lev 23:16 עַד מִמָּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת, Neh 13:9 עַד אַחַר הַשַּׁבָּת. With the force of against, Judg 6:31 יוּמַת עַד הַבֹּקֶר; compare (b) end. (b) followed by infinitive, both of past time, as Gen 8:7; Gen 32:35 עַד עֲלוֺת הַשַּׁחַר, Gen 33:3; Gen 34:5, and especially future time, as Gen 3:19 עַד שׁוּבְךָ until thy returning, Gen 19:22; Gen 27:45; Deut 7:20; Deut 7:23; Deut 20:20; Deut 22:2; Deut 28:20; Deut 28:22, — both + often; compare עַד בּוֺשׁ Judg 3:25 +; עַד תֹּם ֗֗֗ Lev 25:29 + 10 t.; עַד תֻּמָּם Deut 2:15 +; עַד כַּלֵּה 2Kgs 13:17; 2Kgs 13:19; Ezek 19:14 עַד כַּלּוֺתָ(םׅ 1Sam 15:18; Jer 9:15 +; עַד אוֺר הַבֹּקֶר Judg 16:2 +; also in עַד הִשְׁמִדְךָ אֹתָם Deut 7:24 (compare Deut 28:48; Josh 11:14; 1Kgs 15:29; 2Kgs 3:25; 2Kgs 10:17; 2Kgs 24:20 [|| Jer 52:3 הִשְׁלִיכוֺ]; on the anomalous ׳הִ, see Dr, read probably ׳הַ); and most probably compare Kö^{iii. 583}) in עַד בִּלְתִּי הִשְׁאִיר לוֺ (לָהֶם) שָׂרִיד Deut 3:3 (see Dr), + 5 t. (see above), read probably הַשְׁאִיר. With the force of towards the end of, against, especially in עַד בֹּאָ(םׅ, Gen 43:25; Exod 22:25; Num 10:21 והקימו את המשׁכן עַד בֹּאָם used to set up the tabernacle against their coming, 2Kgs 16:11; Ezek 33:22 compare 2Sam 17:22. Elliptical Judg 16:2 עַד אוֺד הַבֹּקֶד וַהֲרַגְנוּהוּ (wait) till the morning dawn, and we slay him! (GFM; Dr^{§ 115}). (c) with various adverbs of time. (q. v.) as עַד אָנָה, עַדמָֿה, עַד מָתַי, עַד הֵנָּה, עַד כֹּה, עַד כֵּן, עַד עַתָּה, compare עַד כַּמֶּה פְעָמִים (see מָה 4 b).
(d) to suffest also degree (compare 3), עַד אֵין מָקוֺם until there is no place Isa 5:8, עַד אֵין מִסְפָּר Ps 40:13; Job 5:9; Job 9:10 compare Lev 26:18 וְאִםעַֿדאֵֿלֶּה and if even up to these things, even the end of all these punishment, you do not hearken to me.

b. During (rare; prop, as far as the limit indicated, including the time previous, compare ἔως: so often Aramaic עַד, , while), 2Kgs 9:22 what is peace עַד זְנוּנֵי אִיזֶבֶל during, etc.,? Job 20:5 עֲדֵי רָ֑גַע during a moment; followed by infinitive Judg 3:26 עַד הִתְמַהְמְהָם during their delaying, Exod 33:22; Job 7:19 עַד בִּלְעִי רֻקִּי Jonah 4:2.

3. Of degree, to suggest a higher or the highest; as עַד מְאֹד even to muchness, i.e. exceedingly (see מְאֹד), עַד מְהֵרָה even to haste Ps 147:15; Esth 5:6 וּמַהבֻּֿקָּשָׁתֵךְ עַדחֲֿצִי הַמַּלְכוּת וְתֵעָשׂ, vEsth 5:3; Esth 7:2. See also עַד לְ, below. With a negative, to express not even as much as, Deut 2:5 לא אתן לכם מארצם עַד מִדְרַךְ כַּף רָ֑גֶל, and with אֶחָד, Exod 9:7 לֹא מֵת ֗֗֗ עַדאֶֿחָד, simil. Exod 14:28; Judg 4:16; 2Sam 17:22 (read אֶחָד for ׃אַחַד see Dr). Sts. almost = Latin adeo, 1Sam 2:5 (si vera lectio) עַד עֲקָרָה ילדה שׁבעה even to the barren, she hath borne seven, i.e. even the barren hath, etc., Job 25:5 הן עדיָֿרֵחַ ולא יאהיל, Hag 2:19. In comparisons, to the degree of, even like (rare), Nah 1:10 עַד סִירִים סְבֻכִים (text dubious) entangled even like thorns, 1Chr 4:27 לא הִרְבּוּ עד בני יהודה did not multiply to the degree of (i.e.like), etc. compare. 2Sam 23:19 עַד הַשְּׁלשָׁה לֹא בָא did not attain (in prowess) unto the three.

II. conjunction 1. until; —

a עַד אֲשֶׁר until that: (a) with perfect, of past time, Exod 32:20 ויטחן עד אשׁר דָּק (Deut 9:21), Deut 2:14 עד אשׁר עָבַרְנוּ, Josh 3:17; Josh 8:26; Judg 4:24; 1Kgs 10:7 (2Chr 9:6), 2Kgs 17:20; 2Kgs 17:23; 2Kgs 21:16 with suggestion of degree, 1Sam 30:4 (followed byאֵין), 1Kgs 17:17 rarely of future time (the 'future perfect,' Dr^{§ 17}), 2Sam 17:13 (of degree), Ezek 34:21 So -עַד שֶׁ (often in Late Hebrew; see שֶׁ) Judg 5:7; Song 3:4 (twice in verse); עַד כִּי Gen 26:13 עַד כִּיגָֿדַל מְאֹד, Gen 41:49; 2Sam 23:10; 2Chr 26:15 and (of future time) עַד אֲשֶׁר אִם Gen 28:15; Num 32:17; Isa 6:11.
(b) with imperfect, usually of future time, Gen 27:44 עַד אֲשֶׁר תָּשׁוּב חֲמַר אָחִיךָ, Gen 29:8; Exod 23:30; Exod 24:14; Lev 22:4; Num 11:20; Num 20:17; 1Sam 22:3; Hos 5:15 +; rarely of past time, Jonah 4:5 עד אשׁר יראה till he should see, Eccl 2:3. So (of the future) -עַד שֶׁ Song 2:7; Song 2:17; Song 3:5; Song 4:6; Song 8:4; Ps 123:2 and עַד כִּי Gen 49:10 עַד כִּייָֿבאֹ שִׁילֹה.

b. עַד alone, until:
(a) with perfect, of past time, Josh 2:22; Josh 4:23 עַדעָֿבַרְנוּ, 1Sam 20:41 עַד דָּוִד הִגְדִּיל, 2Sam 21:10; 1Kgs 11:16; Ezek 28:15 of the future (rare), 2Kgs 7:3 עַד מָ֑תְנוּ, Ezek 39:15; Dan 11:36 עַד כָּלָה זָ֑עַם. So עַד סִם (of the future), Gen 24:19; Gen 24:33; Isa 30:17; Ruth 2:21.
(b) with imperfect, of future time, 1Sam 1:22 (elliptic: compare Judg 16:2, 12 a
(b) end), Isa 22:14; Isa 26:20; Isa 32:15; Isa 62:1; Isa 62:7; Ps 57:2; Ps 71:18; Job 27:5 +; of the past (rare), Exod 15:16 עד יעבור עמך, vExod 15:16; Josh 10:13 (poetry) עַד יִקֹּם גּוֺי אוֺיְבָיו, Ps 73:17. —

N.B. In poetry, עַד is sometimes used to mark not an absolute close, but an epoch or turning-point, in the future, as Ps 110:1 (see De) עַד אָשִׁית אֹיְבֶיךָ הֲדֹם לְרַגְלֶיךָ, Hos 10:12; Job 14:6 (but see 3); after a negative clause, Gen 49:10; Num 23:24; Isa 42:4; Ps 71:18; Ps 112:8; Job 8:21 (but read probably with Ew Hi Di Du al. עֹד he will yet, etc., understanding vJob 8:20 as present, not future).

2. While (rare: compare 12 b): —
a. with perfect, 1Sam 14:19 עד דִּבֶּר שׁאול while Saul spake.
b. with imperfect, Ps 141:10 יַחד אָנֹכִי עַד אֶעֱבֹר while I at the same time pass by.
c. with participle, Job 1:18 עַד זֶה מְדַבֵּר (but read probably עֹד, as vJob 1:16 vJob 1:17), Neh 7:3.
d. -עַד שֶׁ (without verb) Song 1:12. So עַד לֹא while not = ere yet (of past time) Prov 8:26 עד לא עשׂה אדץ (so עַד לָא, , often, e.g. Gen 24:15 ᵑ7, Matt 1:18); and עד אשׁר לא (of the future) Eccl 12:1; Eccl 12:2; Eccl 12:6 (compare Talmud עַד דְּלָא, Mishna שֶׁלּאֹ עַד).

3. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare), Isa 47:7 Thou saidst, I shall be for ever a lady, עַד לֹא שַׂמְתְּ אֵלֶּה עַל לִבֵךְ to the point that (going so far in thy pride that) thou didst not, etc. (but Hi Che Du al. join גְּבֶרֶת עַד I shall be for ever, a lady perpetually; see I. עַד); Job 14:6 (Di De Bu Du) to the point that he may enjoy, etc., Isa 22:14 (Du). In Josh 17:14 עַד אֲשֶׁר ׳עַד כֹּה ֵבּרְכַנִי י, read עַל אֲשֶׁר because that (Ges Buhl; compare Di).

III. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד, found chiefly in Chronicles, Ezra, and occurring in most of the above senses. Thus

1. of space: לְבוֺא חֲמָת עַד Josh 13:5; Judg 3:3; 1Chr 13:5, מִדְבָּ֫רָה ׳עד ל 1Chr 5:9, מצרים ׳עד ל 2Chr 16:8 עַד לְמִזְרַהּ הַגָּ֑יְא 1Chr 4:39, עַד לַמְצָד 1Chr 12:17 עַד לִגְרָר 2Chr 14:12 עַד לַשָּׁמַיִם 2Chr 28:9; Ezra 9:6.

2. Of time: עד לעולם 1Chr 23:25; 1Chr 28:7 לְמֵרָחוֺק עַד 2Chr 26:15; Ezra 3:13; Ezra 9:4 עד למנחת הערב; עַד לַדָּבָר הַזֶּה Ezra 10:14 probably during (Keil^Ges Be with regard to, strengthened for לְ); followed by infinitive עַד לַעֲלוֺת הַמִּנְחָה 1Kgs 18:29 עַד לִכְלוֺת 1Chr 28:20; 2Chr 29:28 עַד לְכַלֵּה 2Chr 24:10; 2Chr 31:1 עד להשׁחית 2Chr 26:16 עַד לָמוּת 2Chr 32:24 (|| 2Kgs 20:1 לָמוּת alone); Ezra 10:14 עד להשׁיב.

3. Of degree: עַד לְמַחֲנֶה גָדוֺל even unto (till there was) a great camp, 1Chr 12:23 עַד לְמַ֫עְלָה = exceedingly 2Chr 16:12; 2Chr 17:12; 2Chr 26:8 עַד לִמְאֹד 2Chr 16:14 עַד לְשִׂמְחָה 2Chr 29:30 עַד לָרֹב 2Chr 31:30 עַד לְאֵין מַרְפֵּא 2Chr 36:16.

BDB6199 H6258 H2088 H2009 H5704 H3588

עַתָּ֫ה₄₃₅ (also Ezek 23:43; Ps 74:6 עת Kt, Qr עַתָּה), עָ֑֫תָּה Gen 32:5 +, adverb of time, now (properly accusative of [`int],עֵת (Kö^{ii. 260}), at the time, in particular of the present time, i.e. now; compare German zur Zeit, Arabic at the time, i.e. now); — now:

1. a. Gen 12:19 ועתה הנה אשׁתך and now, behold thy wife, Gen 22:12 כי עתח ידעתי now, I know (so Exod 18:11; Judg 17:13; 1Kgs 17:24 [עַתָּה זֶה], Ps 20:7), Gen 26:22; Gen 26:29; Gen 27:36; Gen 31:13; Gen 31:28, etc., Exod 5:5 הך רבים עתה עם הארץ; whether in opposed to past time, as Gen 32:11; Josh 14:11 כְּכֹחִי אָז וּכְכֹחִי עָ֑תָּה, Judg 11:8; 1Kgs 12:4; Isa 1:21 ועתה מרצחים, Isa 16:14; Hos 2:9 כִּי טוֺב לִי אָז מַעָ֑תָּה, Hos 13:2, Job 30:1 +, or to future, as Num 24:17 אֶרְאֶנּוּ ולא עתה, Judg 8:6 חֲכַף עַתָּהכְּֿיָדֶ֑ךָ ׳זֶבַח וצ, 1Sam 2:16 כִּי עַתָּה תִּתֵּן; = after all Num 22:38; Judg 8:2 = now at last 2Sam 24:16; 1Kgs 19:4; 2Kgs 19:25; Hos 7:2; Jer 4:12 and in the phrase מעתה ועד עולם Isa 9:6; Isa 59:21; (see below), Ps 113:2; Ps 115:18; Ps 121:8; Ps 125:2; Ps 131:3.
b. of the imminent or impending future: Gen 19:9 עַתָּה נָרַע לְךָ מַהֶם. Gen 29:32 כי עתה יאהבני אישׁי, vGen 29:34; Exod 6:1 עתה תראה, Num 11:23; Num 22:4; 2Sam 20:6; Isa 33:10 (Ps 12:6), Isa 43:19; Isa 49:19; Amos 6:7 לכן עתה יִגְלוּ, Isa 49:19; Mic 7:4; Mic 7:10; Dan 10:20 and especially ἀσυνδέτως in Hosea, introducing a punishment, Hos 4:16 ׳וגו ׳עתה יִרְעֵם י Hos 5:7; Hos 8:8; Hos 8:13 (Jer 14:10), Jer 10:2.
c. of a time ideally present (= then, from our point of view): Isa 29:22 לא עתה יבושׁ יעקב, v^b Hos 10:3; Mic 4:9; Mic 4:10; Mic 4:11; Mic 4:14; Mic 5:3.
d. describing a present state = as things are: 1Sam 8:5 thou art old, etc., עתה שִׂימָה לנו מלך, 1Sam 9:6; 1Sam 13:12; 1Sam 14:30; 1Sam 25:7b; 1Sam 27:1 now I shall be swept away one day, etc., 2Kgs 18:20; 2Kgs 18:25; Job 6:21; Job 14:16; Job 16:7.
e. with an Imperative, as an encouragement, implying that the time has come for the exhortation or advice to be followed, Gen 31:13 עתה קים צא, Exod 18:19 עתה שְׁמַע בקולי, Num 22:11; Deut 2:13; 1Sam 30:8.

2. Phrases:
a. עַתָּה זֶה (זְה 4 h) 1Kgs 17:24; 2Kgs 5:22.
b. ועתה and, now, or now, therefore (וְ 4), drawing a conclusion, especially (compare 1 e) a practical one, from what has been stated: Gen 3:22 and now (since man has once been disobedient), lest he put forth his hand, etc., Gen 20:7; Gen 20:23 וְעַתָּה הִשָּֽׁבְעָה לִי הֵ֫נָּה, Gen 27:3; Gen 27:8 ועתה בני שְׁמַע בקולי, Gen 30:30; Gen 31:16; Gen 31:44; Gen 37:20 + often, Isa 5:3; Isa 5:5; Ps 2:10; Gen 11:6 ׳ועתה לאֹיִֿבָּצֵר מֵהֶם וגו, Gen 31:30; Gen 45:8; 2Sam 19:11; Ps 39:8 ועתה מַהקִּֿזִּיתִי אֲדֹנָי, Isa 52:5,
c. וְעַתָּה הִנֵּה stating the ground on which some conclusion or action is to be based, Exod 3:9; Josh 14:10 (twice in verse); 1Sam 12:2; 1Sam 24:21; 1Kgs 1:18; Jer 40:4 (with ועתה usually repeated afer the הנה-clause).
d. גם עתה Gen 44:10; 1Sam 12:16; 1Kgs 14:14; Joel 2:12; Job 16:19.
e. מֵעַתָּה from now, henceforth, Jer 3:4; Isa 48:6; Dan 10:17 (according to some, here = from just now), 2Chr 16:9 מעתה ועד עוּלּסּ, see above 1 a end. feminine עַדעַֿתָּה until now, Gen 32:5, ׳וֶאֵחַר עדעֿ, Deut 12:9 ׳אל הנחלה לא באתם עד ע (opposed to the future), 2Kgs 13:23 especially after clause with מִן, 2Kgs 46:34 ׳מִנְּעוּרֵינוּ וְעַדעֿ (2Sam 19:8; Ezek 4:14), Exod 9:18; 2Kgs 8:6; Ruth 2:7.
g. כִּי עַתָּה for in this case, in our idiom, for them (עתה pointing to a condition assumed as a possible contingency: compare Dr^{§ 141, 142}); (a) Exod 9:15 כי עתה ׳שׁלחתי וגו for then (if the intention expressed in vExod 9:14 had not existed) I should have put forth my hand, etc., Num 22:29 כי עתה הֲרַגְתִּיךְ, 1Sam 13:13; Job 3:13 followed by imperfect Job 6:3 for then (if it were weighed, vJob 6:2) it would be heavier, etc., Job 13:19 for then would I be silent and die; (b) after a protasis, surely then Gen 31:42 + (see כִּי 1 d b, p. 472). — Note. Read כְּמוֺ עַתָּ) (ᵐ5 ᵑ9) as now, for כְּמוֺ עֵת Ezek 16:57, עַתָּ נִשְׁבַּרְתְּ (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9) now art thou broken ! for עֵת נִשְׁבֶּרֶת Ezek 27:34, and probably עַתָּ בָּא (Hi We Kö Now, compare ᵐ5 ᵑ6) for עֶתבּֿאֹ Hag 1:2 also עַתָּה for אַתָּה 1Kgs 1:20, and אַתָּה for עַתָּה v1Kgs 1:18b 2Sam 18:3.

BDB9752 H5705 H5704

עַד₃₅ preposition and conjunction even to, until (Biblical Hebrew III. עַד; so ᵑ7, Syriac, Old Aramaic, Nabataean, Palmyrene, Egyptian Aramaic (Lzb³³⁶ S-C^{A 5} +)); —

1. preposition:
a. of space, even to Dan 7:13 עַדכָּֿא vDan 7:28.
b. of amount, up to Ezra 7:22 (4 t.).
c. of time, until Dan 2:20; Dan 6:15; Dan 6:27; Dan 7:18 (twice in verse); Dan 7:26; Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:16 וְעַדכְּֿעַן; = our against Ezra 6:15 (compare Biblical Hebrew, p. 724:a top); to (the end of) = during Dan 6:8 עַד יוֺמִין תְּלָתִין, v.Dan 6:13; Dan 7:12; Dan 7:25. On עַדאָֿחֳרָן Dan 4:5 see אָחֳרָן; and on עַדדִּֿבְרַת דִּי Dan 4:14 see [ דִּבְרָה].

2. conjunction:
a. עַדדִּֿי until, followed by perfect (of past time) Dan 2:34; Dan 4:30; Dan 5:21; Dan 7:4; Dan 7:9; Dan 7:11; Dan 7:22 followed by imperfect (of future) Dan 2:9; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:22 (twice in verse); Dan 4:29. — Dan 6:25 ׳לָא מְטוֺ ֗֗֗ עַד דִּי שְׁלִטוּ וג up to the time that . . . , i.e. ere that.
b. עַד alone, Ezra 4:21; Ezra 5:5.

unto, until, to, till, for, …

ʿad

as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)

(prep) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as

of space

as far as, up to, even to

from...as far as, both...and (with 'min'—from)

even to, until, unto, till, during, end

even to, to the degree of, even like

הָ עָֽרֶב

הָ

Prefix — article the

עָֽרֶב

Root word even, evening, night, eventide, mingled, …

Dictionary form: עֶרֶב · eh-REB

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: even

the even ×30 even ×21 at even ×13 the evening ×12 in the evening ×6 and evening ×5 and at even ×4 evening ×4

More options

evening — Most natural modern equivalent; broadly applicable in prose.

dusk — Emphasizes fading light; good for poetic or atmospheric contexts.

nightfall — Stresses the onset of darkness rather than twilight quality.

twilight — Highlights the transitional, in-between character of the hour.

sundown — Concrete and vivid; suits liturgical or calendar contexts.

BDB6363 H6153

עֶ֫רֶב₁₃₁ noun [masculine] 1Sam 20:5 strike out הַשְּׁלִישִׁית see We Dr and others] (sun)set, evening; — absolute ׳ע 2Kgs 2:16 +, עָ֑רֶב Exod 12:18 +; construct עֶרֶב Prov 7:9 dual עַרְבַּיִם Exod 30:8 + 4 t., בָּ֑יִם- Exod 12:16 + 5 t. (all P); —

1. a. evening, originally sunset, and hence perhaps ׳לְעֵת ע at the time of sunset Gen 8:11 (J), Gen 24:11 (J; || לְעֵת צֵאת הַשֹּׁאֲבֹת), 2Sam 11:2; Isa 17:14 and (of the day of ׳י) Zech 14:7, ׳עֵת הָע Josh 8:29 (JE) ; usually ׳ע alone = time of sunset, evening: ׳בָּע in the evening Gen 19:1 (J), Gen 29:23 (E), Exod 12:18 (P), Deut 16:6 (+ שֶׁמֶשׁ כְּבוֺא), 1Kgs 22:35 (compare || 2Chr 18:34 where + לְעֵת בּוֺא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ) + 20 t. + ׳בָּע(ֿ)בָּע 2Chr 13:11 (twice in verse) = every evening; ׳לָע at evening only late: 1Chr 16:40; 1Chr 23:30; 2Chr 2:3; Ezra 3:3; Ps 59:7; Ps 59:15; Ps 90:6; Eccl 11:6 ; ׳לִפְנוֺת ע at the turn of evening Gen 24:63 (J), Deut 23:12 ׳ע as adverb accusative Exod 16:6 (P), Ps 55:18 as marking duration of impurity, in phrase ׳עַדהָֿע Lev 11:24 + 30 t. P + Lev 22:6 (H); of Day of Atonement ׳מֵע ׳עַדעֿ Lev 23:32 (P).
b. dual in phrase (only P) בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם between the two evenings, i.e. probably between sunset and dark (see Thes [various views fully given]; otherwise Di^{Exod 12:6}; on form as possibly only expanded plural see Ges^{«GKC:88c»§ 88c}), Exod 12:6; Exod 16:12; Exod 29:39; Exod 29:41; Exod 30:8; Lev 23:5; Num 9:3; Num 9:5; Num 9:11; Num 28:4; Num 28:8 .
c. other phrases are: ׳צִלְלֵי ע Jer 6:4 (distinguished from צָהֳרָ֑יִם and לָ֑יְלָה vJer 6:5), ׳מִנְחַה (הָ)ע 2Kgs 16:15; Ezra 9:4; Ezra 9:5; Ps 141:2; Dan 9:21 ; ׳זְאֵבֵי ע see I. זְאֵב; for all combinations with בֹּקֶר morning, see ׳ב

1 d, e. 2. (late poetry) = night, עָ֑רֶב Job 7:4 compare בְּנֶשֶׁף בְּעֶרֶב יוֺם Prov 7:9 (|| בְּאִישׁוֺן לַיְלָה וִאֲפֵלָה).

even, evening, night, eventide, mingled, …

ʿereb

dusk

evening, night, sunset

evening, sunset

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Vqq3fs

Verb Chart

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H1961

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar R/Sp3mp

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H1

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar R/Ncbsc

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H2708

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmsa

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5769

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Vhrmsc

Verb Chart

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5137

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmpc

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H4325

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Td/Ncfsa

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5079

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Vpi3ms

Verb Chart

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3526

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmpc/Sp3ms

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H899

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Td/Vqrmsa

Verb Chart

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5060

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar R/Ncmpc

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H4325

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Td/Ncfsa

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5079

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Vqi3ms