BDB3773 H3426
BDB3772 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3774
יֵשׁ187 substantive being, substance, existence (on etymology see 2) — יֵשׁ Gen 18:24 etc.; יֶשֿׁ Gen 31:29 + often; הֲיֵשׁ Gen 24:23 + 18 t. (so אִשׁ 2Sam 14:19 , הַאִשׁ Mic 6:10 ), with suffix יֶשְׁךָ vGen 24:42 + 2 t.; יֶשְׁכֶם vGen 24:49 ; הֲיִשְׁכֶם Deut 13:4 ; יֶשְׁנוֺ (Ol§ 97 b Sta§ 370 b) Deut 29:14; 1Sam 14:39 (+ v1Sam 14:41 ᵐ5 We Dr), 1Sam 23:23; Esth 3:8 ; — 1. substance, only
Prov 8:21 לְהַנְחִיל אֹהֲבַי יֵשׁ to cause them that love me to inherit
substance (so Sir 42:3).
2. elsewhere (properly as a substantive in the
stative construct), it asserts
existence, and so corresponds to the
verb substantive, is (are, was, were, will be), literally
the being, presence of... (so Biblical Aramaic
אִתַי; Aramaic
איתא,
אית,
[whence
(self-)
existent,
essence, substance], with
לָא contracted
לַיִת,
לֵית,
; Mandean
עת,
עית,
לאיית; Arabic [with irregular
]
(inflected as a verb,
,
, etc.;
WAG i. § 182, ii. § 42)
is not (
is known only in two proverbial sayings, as a secondary form
FlKl. Schr. i. 146 f.); Assyrian
išû,
be,
have DlHWB 310; with affix 1 singular
la-a i-ša-a-ku, I have not,
TPi. 57 f.. On this word, see especially
NöM. § 213, who exemplifies its different constructions in Semitic, and shews how it tends to pass into a verb; — (1) in Biblical Aramaic, Syriac, Babylonian
ᵑ7, with possessive suffix; (2) in later Palestinian dialects, Jerusalem
ᵑ7, Jerusalem Talmud, sometimes also in Babylonian
ᵑ7 and Syriac, with independent personal pronoun (as
לית אנא,
לית הוא); (3) in Mandean, Babylonian Talmud, sometimes in Syriac and Arabic, and in Hebrew
יֶשְׁנוֺ, with object. (verbal) suffix; (4) in Arabic, as a true verb. In Ethiopic
literally
therein, German
es gibt, is similar in use (
DiGr. § 167, l), though not of course in origin. In Hebrew the corresponding negative is
אַיִן, q. v., the construction of which is quite similar) — is, are, was, were, etc., not, however, as a mere copula, but implying existence with emphasis (hence in English to be often represented by the substantive verb in italics):
a. with a predicate following,
Gen 28:16 במקום הזה ׳אכן ישׁ י surely Y.
is (emphatic) in this place!
Gen 44:26 אִם יֵשׁ אָחִינוּ אִתְּכֶם;
Exod 17:7 הֲיֵשׁ יהוה בְּקִרְבֵּנוּ אִם אַיִן,
Num 22:29 לו ישׁ חרב בידי Oh, that there
were a sword in my hand!
Deut 13:4 הֲיִשְׁכֶם אֹהֲבִים whether you
do love,
Deut 29:17 פן ישׁ בכם אישׁ, v.
Deut 29:18;
1Sam 9:11f. and they said,
Is the seer here? and they said
יֵשׁ He is,
1Sam 20:8;
1Sam 23:23;
Jer 27:18. Alone, in answer to a question (asked with
יֵשׁ),
He (
it)
is: 1Sam 9:12;
2Kgs 10:15;
Jer 37:17. But
Jer 23:26 (where
ישׁ has no substantive or suffix) text must be corrupt: compare
Gie.
b. absolutely,
there is (
es. gibt, il y a),
Gen 18:24 אולי ישׁ חמשׁים צדיקים בעיר perhaps there
are fifty righteous in the city,
Gen 24:23 הישׁ בית אביך מקום לנו ללון,
Gen 42:1 כי ישׁ שׁבר ׳במצ that there
was corn in Egypt,
Judg 4:20 הישׁ פה אישׁ,
2Sam 9:1;
2Kgs 5:8 he shall know that there
is (emphatic) a prophet in Israel,
Ruth 3:12 there
is a kinsman nearer than I,
Ps 58:12 surely there
are gods judging on the earth: so in aphorisms, asserting the existence of a particular character, quality, etc.,
Prov 11:24 ישׁ מפזר ונוסף עוד,
Prov 12:18;
Prov 13:7;
Prov 13:23;
Prov 14:12;
Prov 16:25;
Prov 18:24;
Prov 20:15;
Eccl 2:21;
Eccl 4:8;
Eccl 5:12;
Eccl 6:1;
Eccl 6:11;
Eccl 7:15 (twice in verse);
Eccl 8:14 (3 t. in verse);
Eccl 10:5. In questions, or protestations,
יֵשׁ often implies a doubt whether what is asked about is to be found or exists:
1Kgs 18:10;
Jer 5:1 and see
אם ישׁ אישׁ if there
is (emphatic) a man doing justice, etc. (compare
Ps 14:2),
Ps 14:22;
Isa 44:8 הישׁ אלהים is there a god beside me?
Ps 7:4 אם ישׁ עול בכפי if there
is iniquity in my hands!
Ps 73:11 is there knowledge in the Most High?
Job 5:1;
Job 6:30;
Lam 1:2.
c. special phrases: —
(
a) after
אִם and a participle, where an abiding
intention is to be emphasized,
Gen 24:42 אםיֿשׁךנֿא מצליח דרכי if thou
art (really), prospering my way, v
Gen 24:49;
Gen 43:4;
Judg 6:36 (compare II.
אין 2 b).
(
b)
יֵשׁ לְ =
has (
had), especially with pronouns
יֵשׁ לִי,
יֵשׁ לְךָ; etc.,
Gen 33:9 יֶשׁלִֿי רָב I have plenty, v
Gen 33:11;
Gen 43:7 הישׁ לכם אח,
Gen 44:20 ישׁ לנו אב זקן,
1Sam 17:40 that they may know
כי ישׁ אלהים לישׂראל that Israel
has (emphatic) a god,
2Kgs 4:2 מַהיֶּֿשׁלָֿכְי what
hast thou ?
Job 14:7 for a tree
has (emphatic) hope (compare
Ruth 1:12),
Ruth 25:3;
Ruth 28:1;
Ruth 38:28 ׃הישׁ למטר אב Gen 39:5 (twice in verse);
Gen 39:8, * F f
כל אשׁר יֶשׁלֿו all that had (
Gen 39:4 without
אשׁר, probably error).
(
c) with infinitive and
לְ,
is it possible to... ?
2Kgs 4:13 הישׁ לדברלֿך can (1)
speak for thee to the king?
2Chr 25:9 so
אִשׁ לְ 2Sam 14:19 (compare
אֵין לְ, below II.
אַיִן 5).
(
d)...
יֵשׁ אֲשֶׁר (if)
it was that...
Num 9:20;
Num 9:21 there
were some who... (with participle)
Neh 5:2;
Neh 5:3;
Neh 5:4 (compare Syriac
for
ὃ μὲν...
ὃ δὲ ...
Matt 13:8 PS172).
(
e)
יֶשׁלְֿאֵל יָדִי Gen 31:29 and elsewhere; see II.
אֵל 7, p. 43.
(
f)
2Kgs 10:15 וָיֵשׁ and (if)
it be... (compare
וָלֹא 2Kgs 5:17;
2Sam 13:26); so
Judg 6:13 אִתָּנוּ ׳וְיֵשׁ י.
(
g) pleonastic
אֵין יֵשׁ Ps 135:17.
(
h)
לֹא יֵשׁ Job 9:33 (compare
,
: but
ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Me and others
לֻא). — As a rule,
יֵשׁ precedes its substantive (from which, however, like
אין, it may be separated:
Gen 24:23;
Gen 43:7 הֲיֵשׁ לָכֶם אָח,
Gen 44:19;
Gen 44:20;
1Sam 20:8 etc.); but occasionally, for greater emphasis, this is prefixed:
1Sam 21:5 כי אם לחם קדשׁ ישׁ but holy bread
there is! Isa 43:8 the blind people,
ועינים ישׁ though it
has eyes,
Judg 19:19 לחם ויין ישׁ לי (compare
אַיִן 2 c).
BDB7832 H7326 H3426 H7567
BDB7831 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7833
[רוּשׁ or רִישׁ]24 verb be in want, poor (related to ירשׁ [compare Qal 3, Niph`al Hiph`il 3]? so Thes); —
BDB9296 H383 H3426
BDB9295 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9297
אִיתַי (Baer אִתַי, except before suffix, see BaerDan 2:10) particle there is, are. . . (properly a substantive following by a genitive, see Biblical Hebrew יֵשׁ: Egyptian Aramaic איתי RÉS361, S-CPap., Nabataean איתי, Palmyrene אית, ᵑ7 Talmud אִית (Dalm§ 44, 4), Syriac , Samaritan , Mandean אית, עית (NöM §§ 213. 272): see further Biblical Hebrew יֵשׁ); — אִיתַי Dan 2:10, suffix אִיתָיךְ Dan 2:26 Kt (Qr אִיתָךְ K§ 53, 2 b), אִית֫וֺהִי Dan 2:11, איתינא Kt (i.e. probably אִיתַ֫יְנָא: Kl.c.), Qr אִיתָ֫נָא Dan 3:18, אִיתֵיכוֺן vDan 3:14 vDan 3:15 — there is (are) . . ., absolute Dan 2:28 אִיתַי אֱלָהּ בִּשְׁמַיָּא there is a God in heaven, vDan 2:30 not by wisdom דִּיאִֿיתַי בִּי that is in me, Dan 3:12; Dan 5:11 followed by participle or adjective Dan 2:26 הַאִיתָיךְ כָּהֵל art thou able. . .? Dan 3:15; Dan 3:17 followed by דִּי, Ezra 5:17 הֵן אִיתַי דִּי if it is that, . . With negative לָא אִיתַי (so S-CD 10 +; ᵑ7 Syriac, Mandean לַיִת , Zenjirli suffix לישה (Cooke184); compare below Biblical Hebrew יֵשׁ) Dan 2:10 ... לָא אִיתַי אֱנָשׁ כִּי, Dan 3:29; Dan 4:32 after the subject Dan 2:11a; Dan 3:25 בְּהוֺן ׳וַחֲבָל לָא א, Ezra 4:16 followed by participle or adjective Dan 3:14; Dan 3:18 with pleonastic suffix, Dan 2:11 מְדָֽרְהוֺן עִסבִּֿשְׂרָא לָא אִיתוֺהִי.