James 2:21

Ἀβραὰμ ὁ πατὴρ ἡμῶν οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων ἐδικαιώθη ἀνενέγκας Ἰσαὰκ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον
Was not Abraham our father justified by works, when he had offered Isaac his son upon the altar?
Word Reference
Original Word Definitions
Ἀβραὰμ
G11 N-NSM-P
abraam
father of a multitude
Abraham, the Hebrew patriarch
  • the son of Terah and the founder of the Jewish nation
ὁ
G3588 T-NSM
ho
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)
  • this, that, these, etc. Only significant renderings other than ___%___the___%___ counted
πατὴρ
G3962 N-NSM
patēr
a ___%___father___%___ (literally or figuratively, near or more remote)
  • generator or male ancestor
    • either the nearest ancestor: father of the corporeal nature, natural fathers, both parents
      • "a more remote ancestor, the founder of a race or tribe, progenitor of a people, forefather: so Abraham is called, Jacob and David
      • fathers i.e., ancestors, forefathers, founders of a race
      one advanced in years, a senior
    metaphorically
    • the originator and transmitter of anything
      • the authors of a family or society of persons animated by the same spirit as himself
        • "one who has infused his own spirit into others, who actuates and governs their minds
      one who stands in a father's place and looks after another in a paternal way"a title of honor
      • teachers, as those to whom pupils trace back the knowledge and training they have received
        • "the members of the Sanhedrin, whose prerogative it was by virtue of the wisdom and experience in which they excelled, to take charge of the interests of others
    God is called the Father
    • of the stars, the heavenly luminaries, because he is their creator, upholder, ruler
      • "of all rational and intelligent beings, whether angels or men, because he is their creator, preserver, guardian and protector
      • of spiritual beings and of all men
      of Christians, as those who through Christ have been exalted to a specially close and intimate relationship with God, and who no longer dread him as a stern judge of sinners, but revere him as their reconciled and loving Father"the Father of Jesus Christ, as one whom God has united to himself in the closest bond of love and intimacy, made acquainted with his purposes, appointed to explain and carry out...
ἡμῶν
G2257
hēmōn
of (or from) us
  • our, we, us
οὐκ
G3756 PRT-N
ou
the absolute negative (compare G3361) adverb; no or not
  • no, not
ἐξ
G1537 PREP
ek
a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct or remote)
  • out of, from, by, away from
ἔργων
G2041 N-GPN
ergon
toil (as an effort or occupation); by implication, an act
  • business, employment, that which any one is occupied
    • that which one undertakes to do, enterprise, undertaking
    any product whatever, any thing accomplished by hand, art, industry, or mind"an act, deed, thing done
ἐδικαιώθη
G1344 V-API-3S
dikaioō
to render (i.e., show or regard as) just or innocent
  • to render righteous or such he ought to be
    • "to show, exhibit, evince, one to be righteous, such as he is and wishes himself to be considered"to declare, pronounce, one to be just, righteous, or such as he ought to be
ἀνενέγκας
G399 V-AAP-NSM
anapherō
to take up (literally or figuratively)
  • to carry or bring up, to lead up
    • men to a higher place
    to put upon the altar, to bring to the altar, to offer"to lift up one's self, to take upon one's self
    • to place on one's self anything as a load to be carried
      • "to sustain, i.e., their punishment
Ἰσαὰκ
G2464 N-ASM-P
isaak
to laugh
Isaac (i.e., Jitschak), the son of Abraham
  • the son of Abraham and Sarah
τὸν
G3588 T-ASM
ho
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)
  • this, that, these, etc. Only significant renderings other than ___%___the___%___ counted
υἱὸν
G5207 N-ASM
huios
a ___%___son___%___ (sometimes of animals), used very widely of immediate, remote or figuratively, kinship
  • a son
    • rarely used for the young of animals
      • "generally used of the offspring of men"in a restricted sense, the male offspring (one born by a father and of a mother)"in a wider sense, a descendant, one of the posterity of any one,
      • the children of Israel
        • "sons of Abraham
      used to describe one who depends on another or is his follower
      • a pupil
    son of man
    • term describing man, carrying the connotation of weakness and mortality
      • "son of man, symbolically denotes the fifth kingdom in Daniel 7:13 and by this term its humanity is indicated in contrast with the barbarity and ferocity of the four preceding kingdoms (the Babylonian, the Median and the Persian, the Macedonian, and the Roman) typified by the four beasts"used by Christ himself, doubtless in order that he might intimate his Messiahship and also that he might designate himself as the head of the human race, the man, the one who both furnished the pattern of the perfect man and acted on behalf of all mankind
    son of God
    • used to describe Adam (see Luke 3:38)
      • "used to describe those who are born again (see Luke 20:36) and of angels and of Jesus Christ"of those whom God esteems as sons, whom he loves, protects and benefits above others
      • in the Old Testament used of the Jews
        • "in the New Testament of Christians"those whose character God, as a loving father, shapes by chastisements (Hebrews 12:5–8)
      those who revere God as their father, the pious worshipers of God, those who in character and life resemble God, those who are governed by the Spirit of God, repose the same calm and joyful trust in God ...
αὐτοῦ
G846 P-GSM
autos
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
  • himself, herself, themselves, itself
    • "he, she, it"the same
ἐπὶ
G1909 PREP
epi
properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of rest (with the dative case) at, on, etc.; of direction (with the accusative case) towards, upon, etc
  • upon, on, at, by, before
    • "of position, on, at, by, over, against"to, over, on, at, across, against
τὸ
G3588 T-ASN
ho
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)
  • this, that, these, etc. Only significant renderings other than ___%___the___%___ counted
θυσιαστήριον
G2379 N-ASN
thysiastērion
a place of sacrifice, i.e., an altar (special or genitive case, literal or figurative)
  • the altar for slaying and burning of victims used of
    • the altar of whole burnt offerings which stood in the court of the priests in the temple at Jerusalem
      • "the altar of incense which stood in the sanctuary or the Holy Place"any other altar
      • metaphorically, the cross on which Christ suffered an expiatory death: to eat of this altar i.e., to appropriate to one's self the fruits of Christ's expiatory death

Ἀβραὰμ ὁ πατὴρ ἡμῶν οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων ἐδικαιώθη ἀνενέγκας Ἰσαὰκ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον
21
Was not Abraham our father justified by works, when he had offered Isaac his son upon the altar?
Cross References

Genesis 22:16

וַיֹּאמֶר בִּי נִשְׁבַּעְתִּי נְאֻם-יְהוָה כִּי יַעַן אֲשֶׁר עָשִׂיתָ אֶת-הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה וְלֹא חָשַׂכְתָּ אֶת-בִּנְךָ אֶת-יְחִידֶֽךָ׃
16
And said, By myself have I sworn, saith the LORD, for because thou hast done this thing, and hast not withheld thy son, thine only son:

Genesis 22:9

וַיָּבֹאוּ אֶֽל-הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר אָֽמַר-לוֹ הָֽאֱלֹהִים וַיִּבֶן שָׁם אַבְרָהָם אֶת-הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וַֽיַּעֲרֹךְ אֶת-הָֽעֵצִים וַֽיַּעֲקֹד אֶת-יִצְחָק בְּנוֹ וַיָּשֶׂם אֹתוֹ עַל-הַמִּזְבֵּחַ מִמַּעַל לָֽעֵצִֽים׃
9
And they came to the place which God had told him of; and Abraham built an altar there, and laid the wood in order, and bound Isaac his son, and laid him on the altar upon the wood.

John 8:39

Ἀπεκρίθησαν καὶ εἶπον αὐτῷ Ὁ πατὴρ ἡμῶν Ἀβραάμ ἐστιν λέγει αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς Εἰ τέκνα τοῦ Ἀβραάμ ἦτε τὰ ἔργα τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ ἐποιεῖτε ἄν
39
They answered and said unto him, Abraham is our father. Jesus saith unto them, If ye were Abraham's children, ye would do the works of Abraham.

Romans 4:16

διὰ τοῦτο ἐκ πίστεως ἵνα κατὰ χάριν εἰς τὸ εἶναι βεβαίαν τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν παντὶ τῷ σπέρματι οὐ τῷ ἐκ τοῦ νόμου μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ τῷ ἐκ πίστεως Ἀβραάμ ὅς ἐστιν πατὴρ πάντων ἡμῶν
16
Therefore it is of faith, that it might be by grace; to the end the promise might be sure to all the seed; not to that only which is of the law, but to that also which is of the faith of Abraham; who is the father of us all,

Matthew 12:37

ἐκ γὰρ τῶν λόγων σου δικαιωθήσῃ καὶ ἐκ τῶν λόγων σου καταδικασθήσῃ
37
For by thy words thou shalt be justified, and by thy words thou shalt be condemned.

Luke 16:24

καὶ αὐτὸς φωνήσας εἶπεν Πάτερ Ἀβραάμ ἐλέησόν με καὶ πέμψον Λάζαρον ἵνα βάψῃ τὸ ἄκρον τοῦ δακτύλου αὐτοῦ ὕδατος καὶ καταψύξῃ τὴν γλῶσσάν μου ὅτι ὀδυνῶμαι ἐν τῇ φλογὶ ταύτῃ
24
And he cried and said, Father Abraham, have mercy on me, and send Lazarus, that he may dip the tip of his finger in water, and cool my tongue; for I am tormented in this flame.

Luke 1:73

ὅρκον ὃν ὤμοσεν πρὸς Ἀβραὰμ τὸν πατέρα ἡμῶν
73
The oath which he sware to our father Abraham,

Psalms 143:2

וְאַל-תָּבוֹא בְמִשְׁפָּט אֶת-עַבְדֶּךָ כִּי לֹֽא-יִצְדַּק לְפָנֶיךָ כָל-חָֽי׃
2
And enter not into judgment with thy servant: for in thy sight shall no man living be justified.

Matthew 25:31

Ὅταν δὲ ἔλθῃ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐν τῇ δόξῃ αὐτοῦ καὶ πάντες οἱ ἅγιοι ἄγγελοι μετ' αὐτοῦ τότε καθίσει ἐπὶ θρόνου δόξης αὐτοῦ·
31
When the Son of man shall come in his glory, and all the holy angels with him, then shall he sit upon the throne of his glory:

Romans 4:1

Τί οὖν ἐροῦμεν Ἀβραὰμ τὸν πατέρα ἡμῶν εὑρηκέναι κατὰ σάρκα
1
What shall we say then that Abraham our father, as pertaining to the flesh, hath found?

Joshua 24:3

וָֽאֶקַּח אֶת-אֲבִיכֶם אֶת-אַבְרָהָם מֵעֵבֶר הַנָּהָר וָֽאוֹלֵךְ אוֹתוֹ בְּכָל-אֶרֶץ כְּנָעַן ‫(וארב)‬ וָאַרְבֶּה אֶת-זַרְעוֹ וָֽאֶתֶּן-לוֹ אֶת-יִצְחָֽק׃
3
And I took your father Abraham from the other side of the flood, and led him throughout all the land of Canaan, and multiplied his seed, and gave him Isaac.

Luke 16:30

ὁ δὲ εἶπεν Οὐχί πάτερ Ἀβραάμ ἀλλ' ἐάν τις ἀπὸ νεκρῶν πορευθῇ πρὸς αὐτοὺς μετανοήσουσιν
30
And he said, Nay, father Abraham: but if one went unto them from the dead, they will repent.

Matthew 3:9

καὶ μὴ δόξητε λέγειν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς Πατέρα ἔχομεν τὸν Ἀβραάμ· λέγω γὰρ ὑμῖν ὅτι δύναται ὁ Θεὸς ἐκ τῶν λίθων τούτων ἐγεῖραι τέκνα τῷ Ἀβραάμ
9
And think not to say within yourselves, We have Abraham to our father: for I say unto you, that God is able of these stones to raise up children unto Abraham.

James 2:24

ὁρᾶτε τοίνυν ὅτι ἐξ ἔργων δικαιοῦται ἄνθρωπος καὶ οὐκ ἐκ πίστεως μόνον
24
Ye see then how that by works a man is justified, and not by faith only.

John 8:53

μὴ σὺ μείζων εἶ τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν Ἀβραάμ ὅστις ἀπέθανεν καὶ οἱ προφῆται ἀπέθανον· τίνα σεαυτὸν σὺ ποιεῖς
53
Art thou greater than our father Abraham, which is dead? and the prophets are dead: whom makest thou thyself?

Romans 4:12

καὶ πατέρα περιτομῆς τοῖς οὐκ ἐκ περιτομῆς μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῖς στοιχοῦσιν τοῖς ἴχνεσιν τῆς ἐν τῇ ἀκροβυστίᾳ πίστεως τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν Ἀβραάμ
12
And the father of circumcision to them who are not of the circumcision only, but who also walk in the steps of faith of our father Abraham, which he had being yet that uncircumcised.

Romans 3:20

διότι ἐξ ἔργων νόμου οὐ δικαιωθήσεται πᾶσα σὰρξ ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ διὰ γὰρ νόμου ἐπίγνωσις ἁμαρτίας
20
Therefore by the deeds of the law there shall no be flesh justified in his sight: for by the law is the knowledge of sin.

Acts 7:2

ὁ δὲ ἔφη Ἄνδρες ἀδελφοὶ καὶ πατέρες ἀκούσατε Ὁ θεὸς τῆς δόξης ὤφθη τῷ πατρὶ ἡμῶν Ἀβραὰμ ὄντι ἐν τῇ Μεσοποταμίᾳ πρὶν ἢ κατοικῆσαι αὐτὸν ἐν Χαῤῥάν
2
And he said, Men, brethren, and fathers, hearken; The God of glory appeared unto our father Abraham, when he was in Mesopotamia, before he dwelt in Charran,

Isaiah 51:2

הַבִּיטוּ אֶל-אַבְרָהָם אֲבִיכֶם וְאֶל-שָׂרָה תְּחוֹלֶלְכֶם כִּי-אֶחָד קְרָאתִיו וַאֲבָרְכֵהוּ וְאַרְבֵּֽהוּ׃
2
Look unto Abraham your father, and unto Sarah that bare you: for I called him alone, and blessed him, and increased him.

James 2:18

Ἀλλ ἐρεῖ τις Σὺ πίστιν ἔχεις κἀγὼ ἔργα ἔχω· δεῖξόν μοι τὴν πίστιν σου χωρὶς τῶν ἔργων σου κἀγώ δείξω σοι ἐκ τῶν ἔργων μου τὴν πίστιν μου
18
Yea, a man may say, Thou hast faith, and I have works: shew me thy faith without thy works, and I will shew thee my faith by my works.
James 2:20
Read James 2
James 2:22